Architecture
M. Mazloum
Abstract
: The lateral load bearing systems of structures are divided to four major groups, which are: moment frames, shear walls, bracings, and combined systems that contain a combination of the previous ones. Nowadays, the combined systems of moment frames and shear walls are utilized in high-rise reinforced ...
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: The lateral load bearing systems of structures are divided to four major groups, which are: moment frames, shear walls, bracings, and combined systems that contain a combination of the previous ones. Nowadays, the combined systems of moment frames and shear walls are utilized in high-rise reinforced concrete structures frequently; therefore, the method of educating these systems is quite significant for postgraduate students and professional engineers. It is worth noting that according to the Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design and also the Iranian concrete building code, the analysis and design of these combined structures have been complicated because the moment of inertia of cracked sections should be used. In this paper, the different methods of educating the combined shear wall – moment frame structural systems, which are conventional, computerized and a combination of these two methods, have been investigated. The results of statistical studies show that the combination of conventional and computational methods was more successful than the other ones. The only negative point of this method was that the time taken for teaching was improved about two times. Obviously, using the prepared handouts containing some necessary information and examples, decreased this period, and it became about 1.5 times of the other methods.
TVET
F. Mozafar; M. Khakzand; F. Changiz; L. Farshadfar
Abstract
Collaborative architecture is considered as a strategic and contentious subject in the success of today’s architecture. As we know, a group does not only act as a set of people, but also goes beyond the sum of people’s abilities in some way. In such design, the building is the gradual expansion ...
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Collaborative architecture is considered as a strategic and contentious subject in the success of today’s architecture. As we know, a group does not only act as a set of people, but also goes beyond the sum of people’s abilities in some way. In such design, the building is the gradual expansion in design being beyond a single building, and it contains the social communications and the group of people who deal with design process. The purpose of this article is moving in the course of basic principles of thought in collaborative design. On the basis of such approach, this paper, studies the concept of group and team work in architecture so that recognizing collaborative design steps, we accompanied with a group of students in a student team design and defined their weak and strong points of movement in different steps. According to the importance of participatory architecture in the current age, the impacts of trainings for applying this activity are studied in the students. In order to study the training effects in increasing teamwork quality among the students, Isfahan art university students have been tested. This test has been done as two-hour sketches in groups of five people. This test had been in the research method in Univariant Hypothesis Test and according to the independency of the groups and equivalence of their variance in the society as students’t test (single variable test) for independent groups. These tests included a pre test done in ignorance. The students became familiar with teamwork and then a post test has been taken by the given students after their training course and explaining team work for them, the test results have been studied in this article.
Architecture
M. Alal-hesabi; H. Arbabian; M. Yousef Zamani
Abstract
The aim of this research is find effective factors to enhance the quality of Residential complexes design education .To achievement this aim we use the views of six related groups include, professors of architecture design , professors of related lessons , architectures engaged in house design ,the students ...
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The aim of this research is find effective factors to enhance the quality of Residential complexes design education .To achievement this aim we use the views of six related groups include, professors of architecture design , professors of related lessons , architectures engaged in house design ,the students of architecture that work in engineers office, the undergraduate of architecture and M.A students of architecture in house branch .This research is an applicable study . to gather the information we use the questionnaire . the information is descriptive with survey branch. The results of research show that convergence integrated (teach- student) education , modern education , consider the prerequisites and related lessons, coordinate and transfer learning about house design education , accept the architecture as cross-course and use the related knowledge , pay attention to creativity and use the creative approaches in workshop of architecture design 5 , usefulness of communication with experienced architectures in house design education, consider the cultural , national and religious values in house design, participate user in design and utilize the thought and systematic communication of user with professional engineers office are important factors to enhance the affectivity and quality of environment complexes design education.
Architecture
Gholamhosein Memarian; H. Jahanbakhsh; F. Mirkazemi
Abstract
Courses in Architecture can be classified into three categories; Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude. The "Human, Nature, Architecture" course, which falls into the attitude category and is one of the basic and specialized courses in teaching architecture, is supposed to be a preface to basing students’ ...
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Courses in Architecture can be classified into three categories; Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude. The "Human, Nature, Architecture" course, which falls into the attitude category and is one of the basic and specialized courses in teaching architecture, is supposed to be a preface to basing students’ general approach to this area of expertise. So far, nonetheless, this course not only has not moved in this direction but has also caused feelings of demotivation and indifference in students. Current methods in teaching the course often depart from the general content and objectives of the course, thereby reducing the intended impacts of the course on students’ attitudes. The present study investigates the impacts of effective presentation of this course via reintroducing the course and emphasizing the significance of environment in architecture education. Using a questionnaire survey, this study was conducted based on the comprehensive examination of the basic features of the course and comparative analysis of its different teaching methods. The participants of this study include 35 teachers and 180 students from five architecture departments in different Iranian universities. Various teaching methods with authorized syllabuses were investigated comparatively. Results of the study led to the development of a coherent method for teaching the course Human, Nature, Architecture, which is expected to be employed by teachers in recognizing a comprehensive method.
Architecture
B. Hassani; A. Jafari
Abstract
Panel construction has played an important role in building construction in recent decades. These buildings are different from the conventional frame structures because of lack of usual beam and column elements. It seems that structural engineers have reservations in using these construction systems, ...
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Panel construction has played an important role in building construction in recent decades. These buildings are different from the conventional frame structures because of lack of usual beam and column elements. It seems that structural engineers have reservations in using these construction systems, due to some ambiguities in the seismic behavior and specially in choosing the proper value for the seismic response modification factor. Study of this factor in panel buildings dealt with in this paper by investigation on three different panel structures with similar plan layouts and different heights. PERFORM-3D software is employed to model the nonlinear behavior of these structures with the capability of finite element analysis by making use of the multilayer fiber section shell elements. Doing so, the response modification factors are calculated and discussed. According to the drawn conclusions, it seems that there exist a considerable difference between the obtained results and the values suggested by the related standards, which implies a need for revision due to apparently excess conservatism.
Architecture
S.M.R. Alavi Moghadam; A. Bani Hashemi; R. Maknoon; M. Nik Azar
Abstract
The main aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of Polyaluminum Chloride (PACl) and Ferric Chloride, to optimization the coagulation/flocculation process, to investigate the effect of adding bentonite (as a coagulant aid) and to compare the residual Aluminum after adding PACl and Alum. ...
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The main aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of Polyaluminum Chloride (PACl) and Ferric Chloride, to optimization the coagulation/flocculation process, to investigate the effect of adding bentonite (as a coagulant aid) and to compare the residual Aluminum after adding PACl and Alum. Samples were collected from influent of Jalalieh water treatment plant, Tehran, Iran. In the first phase, the effectiveness of PACl and Ferric Chloride was compared. In this phase, the optimum coagulant dosages were 40 and 35 mg/L for Ferric Chloride and PACl, respectively. In the second phase, with adding 20 mg/L of bentonite, the optimum coagulant dosages were reduced to 25 and 15 mg/L for Ferric Chloride and PACl, respectively. The results of third phase of this study showed that PACl leaves less residual Aluminum than Alum.
Architecture
J. Fahim; A. Kamali
Abstract
Reactive sintering is a kind of combustion synthesis processes for synthesize of new materials. In this research, the mentioned process was used for production of titanium aluminide/alumina composite from starting materials of titanium dioxide and aluminum. According to the obtained results, composite ...
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Reactive sintering is a kind of combustion synthesis processes for synthesize of new materials. In this research, the mentioned process was used for production of titanium aluminide/alumina composite from starting materials of titanium dioxide and aluminum. According to the obtained results, composite particles including TiO2/Al with a size around 100 nm can be produced. Densification of produced powders via cold isostatic pressing machine following by reaction sintering lead to produce a composite body consisting titanium aluminids and alumina.
Architecture
S.R. Sabbagh Yazdi; A. Mohammadi Kordkhili
Abstract
NASIR software has served Civil Engineering M.Sc. students as an educational virtual workshop and played an important role on promotion of their academic knowledge and computational skills. In this paper, the option of Artificial Dissipation is used to stabilize the central Finite Volume solution of ...
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NASIR software has served Civil Engineering M.Sc. students as an educational virtual workshop and played an important role on promotion of their academic knowledge and computational skills. In this paper, the option of Artificial Dissipation is used to stabilize the central Finite Volume solution of conservative depth integrated flow equations on unstructured triangular meshes. This vertex base model is utilized to simulate time dependent flow due to sudden dam break on both wet and dry downstream bed. The accuracy of the model in computing free surface of the water flow is assessed by comparison of the results of using Artificial Dissipation technique with numerical results available in the literature which are computed using Upwind techniques.
Architecture
A. Vatani Ouskouii
Abstract
Perdition of location and occurring time of earthquake is impossible. It is realities that in each every year’s earthquake are occurred and it effects the natural environment. Of course, reduction of hazard from earthquake risk is possible. Post earthquake assessment some time needs hundred or ...
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Perdition of location and occurring time of earthquake is impossible. It is realities that in each every year’s earthquake are occurred and it effects the natural environment. Of course, reduction of hazard from earthquake risk is possible. Post earthquake assessment some time needs hundred or thousands engineer. For uniform evaluation of inspection the simple form was needed. The inspectors before earthquake, must be learn how to filling inspection form. For uniform and objective evaluation of damages degree needs the inspection form must be simple and easy for collections data. After a destructive earthquake, inspection and assessment of building in short time is important. In the quality inspection is the visual inspection that needs the experience and knowledge of engineer, which want to use judgment and personality response. In this paper, in addition of managing in disaster, the inspection form and procedure of filling of the form was given. Finally the computer software for evaluation of collection the data was given. After earthquake, the building categorized into three parts, a-the building is safe and entry is unlimited (signed by Green color), b-the building as temporarily unusable, because is limited damaged (signed by Yellow color), c-the damage is extensive and building out of usage until the detailed inspection (signed by Red color).
Architecture
M. Abbaszadegan; B. Rostam Yazdi
Abstract
The fast growth of Iran’s population in the 20th century especially during the 80’s and due to the modern viewpoints, caused an unprecedented urban growth. The growth pattern in some cities was scattered and wasted much agricultural land as well as natural resources in the urban fringe. ...
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The fast growth of Iran’s population in the 20th century especially during the 80’s and due to the modern viewpoints, caused an unprecedented urban growth. The growth pattern in some cities was scattered and wasted much agricultural land as well as natural resources in the urban fringe. This phenomenon is called urban sprawl. The problems due to urban sprawl in North America created a new theoretical approach called “the smart growth theory”. The city of Yazd is the example of the highest damage caused by fast sprawled growth. The reasons for the urban sprawl in various countries are numerous, but the results and difficulties created are much similar to Iran. Therefore, the “smart growth” solution after adaptation to the special situation in Yazd could be applied. In this research, after the acknowledgment of the problems of sprawl, the experiences of other countries is examined and considering the special circumstances in the city of Yazd, several strategies are developed which could enhance the present situation and prevent the continuation of sprawl in the future
Architecture
S.R. Sabbagh Yazdi; H. Shamlou; F. Rostami
Abstract
In this paper, hydraulic jump which is one of the effective means of energy dissipation of supercritical flow in hydraulic engineering is simulated using Flow 3D software. This software utilizes VOF method for tracing the free surface position and FAVOR method for considering the baffles inside the computational ...
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In this paper, hydraulic jump which is one of the effective means of energy dissipation of supercritical flow in hydraulic engineering is simulated using Flow 3D software. This software utilizes VOF method for tracing the free surface position and FAVOR method for considering the baffles inside the computational domain. First, the accuracy of the software application in forecasting hydraulic jump flow parameters is assessed by comparison of computed parameters using k-ε andRNG turbulent modeling strategies with readily available experimental measurements. Then, the software is utilized for simulation of hydraulic jump in a small scale laboratory stilling basin with baffles. The computed velocity profiles and water surface level present good agreements with the reported laboratory measurements.
Architecture
S. Mehran; M. Rod; F. Jafar Kazemi
Abstract
Domed, tilted and flat roofs have a widly used in building construction industry. In this paper Thermal performance of roofs in regard with base state i.e. flat roof about its absorbed radiation and energy consuming was considered for different condition. The results show that roof's angle and sun's ...
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Domed, tilted and flat roofs have a widly used in building construction industry. In this paper Thermal performance of roofs in regard with base state i.e. flat roof about its absorbed radiation and energy consuming was considered for different condition. The results show that roof's angle and sun's radiation effects on absorbed radiation of the sun than the roof. While domed roof is built. Of the half dome roof o 55 < q , roof so absorbed radiation of sun is almost equal to its homologous flat roof. Tilted roof with the south-north points/ facing absorbed even more sun heat than tilted roof with the east – west facing. Therefore, from absorbed radiation view, it is recommended to use tilted roof with east – west facing in summer. Also, if tilted roof is built of the slope angle 60 45 £ £ q , the energy consuming would be decreased to 1.041 to 1.3 equal to flat roof. In hot and damp regions, the temperature and diffuse of radiation has been greater. So, a tilted roof will be proper for such regions where as in hot arid regions, the diffuse of radiation has been less and domed roof is proper for such regions.
Architecture
A.R. Abbasian; M.H. Amin; M.R. Rahimipour
Abstract
In this research, the effect of seven deflocculants including sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, RHEOBUILD, DARVAN 811D, GLENIUM and CASTAMENT FS20, on rheology behavior of Microsilica-Containing ultra low-cement Al2O3–SiC vibrationcastables, has been investigated. The behavior ...
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In this research, the effect of seven deflocculants including sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, RHEOBUILD, DARVAN 811D, GLENIUM and CASTAMENT FS20, on rheology behavior of Microsilica-Containing ultra low-cement Al2O3–SiC vibrationcastables, has been investigated. The behavior of various deflocculants in this castables was evaluated in terms of flowability and workability characteristics. It was concluded that GLENIUM is the best deflocculants for ultra low cement castables in Al2O3-SiC system, which itself gives simultaneous good flowability and workability at optimum content of 0.12 wt%. Therefore, with these results, a commercial deflocculant with the name of GLENIUM with better rheology properties was introduced to world refractory industrials.
Architecture
H.R. Azemati; M. Bagheri
Abstract
Environmental education and evaluation is one of the most important tools to preserve the human built and natural environment. This article presents an ecological pattern in sustainable settlement education with emphasis on the university campus landscape and architecture design. As the main assumption, ...
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Environmental education and evaluation is one of the most important tools to preserve the human built and natural environment. This article presents an ecological pattern in sustainable settlement education with emphasis on the university campus landscape and architecture design. As the main assumption, the university architecture and campus landscape can influence the students' perception and behavior in relation to sustainable development. The educational built environment of the university campus-as a behavior setting- has an affordance to convey the sustainability concepts to the students. The paper reviews some case studies in Europe and attempts to introduce sustainable development education with university architecture and campus design in Iran. The article has resulted a conceptual pattern with some environmental design strategies in both architecture and landscape design disciplines. Green buildings design, campus landscape design with bioclimatic approach, design for public transport, cycling and walking and creating green and quality public open spaces with community buildings are of the main strategies in university campus design.
Architecture
A. Shamsai; M. Ferasat kish
Abstract
In this study, the numerical modeling of sediment washing in Sefidrood dam reservoir and its effect on reservoir volume recovery in the short and long term have been studied. For this purpose, the GSTARS 3 numerical model has been used to study the different phases of flashing. This model is prepared ...
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In this study, the numerical modeling of sediment washing in Sefidrood dam reservoir and its effect on reservoir volume recovery in the short and long term have been studied. For this purpose, the GSTARS 3 numerical model has been used to study the different phases of flashing. This model is prepared for free and pressurized sedimentation and each of them is analyzed separately. Studies on Sefidrood Dam show that due to the fact that the reservoir water level at the beginning of the flashing operation is one of the influential parameters in the efficiency of sediment washing efficiency, lowering the reservoir water level from normal (271 m) to the power plant (210) M) Reduces the water consumption from 897 cubic meters to 19 cubic meters for washing each ton of sediment. On the other hand, studies show that flashing does not affect coarse-grained sediments in this reservoir and cannot be used as the only solution to prevent reservoir depletion, and additional sedimentation operations such as dredging, use of siphons or In addition to annual sedimentation in the Sefidrud Dam reservoir, it is inevitable that heavy currents will flow through the reservoir.Send
Architecture
S.M.R. Alavi Moghadam; R. Maknoon; A.T. Shamsi
Abstract
Education at all levels plays a very important role in achieving sustainable development. The main goals of education are to raise the level of knowledge, analysis and ethics in individuals and increase their sense of responsibility towards society. Chapter 36 of Workbook 21, entitled "Education Development ...
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Education at all levels plays a very important role in achieving sustainable development. The main goals of education are to raise the level of knowledge, analysis and ethics in individuals and increase their sense of responsibility towards society. Chapter 36 of Workbook 21, entitled "Education Development and Raising Awareness," addresses the importance and role of education in sustainable development. Engineer training in the 21st century should be in line with the goals of sustainable development so that it can play a role in correcting the attitude of young engineers and applying these principles in their lives and specialized activities. One of the important tasks of universities is to provide a suitable platform for such education. In this regard, Amirkabir University of Technology, as one of the most important industrial universities in the country, is developing various strategies in this field. Establishment and strengthening of postgraduate courses in environmental engineering, presentation of new courses related to various fields of environment and sustainable development for all engineering students, change and modification of course topics and establishment of environmental research institute are among the most important of these strategies. As an example, a course called "Green Design" is envisaged in the curriculum in which students become familiar with the basics and principles of green attitude in design. Changing the attitude of engineering students from traditional design to green design (where the principles of sustainable development are considered by the designer) is one of the main goals of this course. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and tasks of 21st century engineers and to explain the basic strategies of Amirkabir University of Technology in line with the goals of the Green University and sustainable development.
Architecture
V. Noorani; P. Monajemi; M.J. Rafizadeh
Abstract
Proper training of hydrologists in the field of precipitation-runoff modeling can play a significant role in overcoming many flood problems. In this paper, after introducing the liquid analog model, it is established as a new analog model in the field of hydrology and based on the linear reservoir model. ...
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Proper training of hydrologists in the field of precipitation-runoff modeling can play a significant role in overcoming many flood problems. In this paper, after introducing the liquid analog model, it is established as a new analog model in the field of hydrology and based on the linear reservoir model. Its scale and laboratory construction are presented, and then how it is used to simulate the Nash precipitation model for a real basin. The effect of basin shape on the output hydrograph as well as the effect of precipitation direction on basin response has been investigated separately. The results of the experiments performed with the model indicate that the model is suitable in this field. Due to the simple structure, ease of use and visual quality of the model, this model can be a suitable teaching aid tool in the field of precipitation-runoff modeling training.
Architecture
S.M. Hosseini; A. Dehghan; A.H. Koohsari; M. Khosravi
Abstract
The presence of a number of compounds such as silicon oxide and titanium in bauxite is considered to be one of the most important factors in reducing the quality and poor quality of refractory products. In this study, the possibility of recovering and extracting these compounds and increasing the Al2O3 ...
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The presence of a number of compounds such as silicon oxide and titanium in bauxite is considered to be one of the most important factors in reducing the quality and poor quality of refractory products. In this study, the possibility of recovering and extracting these compounds and increasing the Al2O3 / SiO2 modulus in Shahid Nilchian boxing mine in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has been investigated using reverse flotation method. In this study, among the factors affecting the flotation process, three factors of pH, type and amount of collector and arrester have been selected and studied. Talc alkaline amine has been used as a collector and tannic acid as a deterrent and dispersant. Using this method, the amount of titanium compounds and Al2O3 / SiO2 module has been significantly reduced and increased, respectively. Among the three factors studied, pH is the most effective factor in the effectiveness of bauxite flotation.
Architecture
H. Rajaee; F. Jazebi; A. Rashidi
Abstract
To schedule a project, you need to pay attention to the uncertainty about some of the project's parameters, such as the cost and time of the project. Fuzzy theory is used to consider this uncertainty. This article gives you a brief overview on project scheduling and how it works. To prepare this type ...
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To schedule a project, you need to pay attention to the uncertainty about some of the project's parameters, such as the cost and time of the project. Fuzzy theory is used to consider this uncertainty. This article gives you a brief overview on project scheduling and how it works. To prepare this type of scheduling program, first, according to the amount of available resources and the normal time of activities, various possible scheduling programs are prepared. The project completion time and cost are calculated for each schedule. If neither of the scheduled schedules can meet both goals, better timing plans will be provided by changing the timing of activities and the amount of resources available. In the end, among all the scheduling programs, the one that has the best conditions according to the importance of each of the two criteria of cost and time is selected. PRIMAVERA software has been used to prepare the initial scheduling program and C ++ programming language has been used to prepare the mentioned search algorithm. The above algorithm has been used to schedule a real bridge construction project and good results have been obtained.Send
Architecture
S.B. Hosseini; S.M. Mofidi Shemirani; H. Maddi
Abstract
The present article is about the need to pay attention to teaching sustainable architecture in Iran and examining its facilities and obstacles. The aim of this training is to gain scientific knowledge about environmental resources, ethical principles, values and skills in line with the goals of ...
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The present article is about the need to pay attention to teaching sustainable architecture in Iran and examining its facilities and obstacles. The aim of this training is to gain scientific knowledge about environmental resources, ethical principles, values and skills in line with the goals of sustainable development and people's participation in decision-making. In the transition from conventional architecture to a sustainable architecture series, architectural education requires a fundamental transformation and also faces numerous and structural obstacles. Problems with educational planning in sustainable architecture include the use of environmental resources, transportation, building materials, the collection and integration of building systems, and multi-purpose uses that are consistent with human values. In Iran, these trainings are in conflict with the habits of society and require the coordination of the management structure. The study of sustainable architecture education in three Iranian universities has shown that despite some shortcomings in this education, students' attitudes have been oriented and sufficient motivation has been created to change performance. The solar architecture, which became popular in the 1970s after the energy crisis, has been hailed by many masters in Iran as part of its curriculum.Send
Architecture
A. Davaran; J. Hassanzade; N. Tolouei Molan; M.J Rafizadeh
Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear-non-elastic behavior of the braced frames of the SCBF Special Center is compared with the BRBF anti-arc bracing brackets. Different structures with different numbers of floors, which were previously designed according to the existing regulations and the recommended behavior ...
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In this paper, the nonlinear-non-elastic behavior of the braced frames of the SCBF Special Center is compared with the BRBF anti-arc bracing brackets. Different structures with different numbers of floors, which were previously designed according to the existing regulations and the recommended behavior coefficient, were non-linear static analysis by OPENSEES software and their load-bearing and cyclic behavior were determined for both types of braces. The effect of stiffness strain percentage and the degree of initial geometric defect of the brace on the behavior of the structures were also investigated. Comparison of results indicates more formable and stable behavior of anti-buckling brace than normal brace. Also, the effect of primary geometric defect is significant only in the initial steps of displacement and the higher the percentage of strain strain strain, the more stable behavior structure against larger forces. it shows.
Architecture
S.A. Mir Bagheri; S. Boudaghpour; S.A. Hashemi Monfared
Abstract
Erosion and sedimentation phenomena have many destructive effects on the environment and human life. One of their most important effects is to reduce the volume of dam reservoirs. When the tank can no longer perform the intended service, its useful life is over. So far, several models have been proposed ...
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Erosion and sedimentation phenomena have many destructive effects on the environment and human life. One of their most important effects is to reduce the volume of dam reservoirs. When the tank can no longer perform the intended service, its useful life is over. So far, several models have been proposed to simulate the entry of sediment into the tank, most of which are based on laboratory observations. In this article, Ekbatan Dam has been selected as a case study. First, using the flow profile measurements in the main river, the inlet sediment connection equation to the reservoir is solved. Then, using the sediment continuity equation and four different transfer equations, the amount of precipitation effective in reducing the life of the tank is obtained. These values have been used to calculate the reduction in reservoir volume over a 50-year period, indicating that the Anglo-Hansen method was more consistent with the actual reservoir conditions than other equations. Finally, according to the final equilibrium conditions, the floor profile of the tank is obtained. The results show that after this period, a lot of sediment has accumulated at the foot of the dam and an increase of up to 15 meters has been created.Send
Architecture
R. Morshed; A. Eslami
Abstract
According to pre-2002 editions of the ACI 318 Regulations, in normal bending sections, it is not necessary to use a compression reinforcement before reaching the maximum tensile reinforcement and it is not necessary to use it to help the bending strength of the non-economical section. By changing the ...
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According to pre-2002 editions of the ACI 318 Regulations, in normal bending sections, it is not necessary to use a compression reinforcement before reaching the maximum tensile reinforcement and it is not necessary to use it to help the bending strength of the non-economical section. By changing the way the flexural strength reduction coefficient is determined since the 2002 editions, this coefficient is reduced for sections that are stretched out of the controlled area and entered into the transition zone. In such cases, the use of compression reinforcement can return the section to the controlled area by tension, and indirectly by increasing the value of the reduction coefficient of resistance, it has a significant effect on the flexural strength of the section, which justifies its use economically. . In this research, the above issue is examined and evaluated and suggestions for how to use the armature optimally are presented.
Architecture
M. Hosseini
Abstract
The Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the rocks is due to the presence of discontinuous plates in them. This paper examines the Anisotropy of the mechanical properties of sandstone. Due to the abundance of sandstone in Iran and the implementation of many projects in this type of rock, ...
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The Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the rocks is due to the presence of discontinuous plates in them. This paper examines the Anisotropy of the mechanical properties of sandstone. Due to the abundance of sandstone in Iran and the implementation of many projects in this type of rock, this issue was chosen. The mismatch in the mechanical properties of sandstone is due to the presence of layering surfaces. The Anisotropy in permeability, single-axis compressive strength, tensile strength, three-axis compressive strength, adhesion and internal friction angle have been investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the unevenness of the rock decreases with increasing enclosure pressure.
Architecture
S.B. Hosseini; S. Norouzian Maleki
Abstract
A large proportion of people in the community (the elderly, the physically disabled, children, etc.) face mobility limitations in urban spaces; However, the limitations of disability should not prevent people from accessing urban spaces, and they should be able to operate in an urban environment with ...
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A large proportion of people in the community (the elderly, the physically disabled, children, etc.) face mobility limitations in urban spaces; However, the limitations of disability should not prevent people from accessing urban spaces, and they should be able to operate in an urban environment with the maximum possible independence and without restrictions, like ordinary people in society. In this paper, the principles and foundations of inclusive design in immediate environments of residential spaces are presented. This is due to the fact that inclusive design for people in the community is a manifestation of justice and social security in access, which in addition to providing life and health security, will have extraordinary psychological effects. The present study proceeded with the assumption that if access to space is provided at different levels, then the participation and sensitivity of citizens will increase. In order to test this hypothesis, first, based on the content analysis technique, the general principles of inclusive design were defined and explained, and then the field research method was used to examine the status of accesses in the residential environment. In this field study, the problems, limitations and demands of individuals through local perceptions and observation of the current situation were identified and questionnaires were distributed among 74 residents of Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. In this study, a variety of people living in the neighborhood were examined. In addition to normal people, people with disabilities move around or lack this ability, including the visually impaired (the blind, the visually impaired, the deaf, and the deaf) and people with other disabilities. The findings showed that 14% of them had physical-motor disabilities, 5% had vision problems, 4% had hearing problems and 6% had other disabilities. After conducting field studies, due to the physical-motor limitations of individuals, the physical characteristics of the neighborhood spaces were analyzed. Analysis of findings, problems and major inadequacies of access such as lack of safety and comfort that leads to a decrease in social and physical activity showed. Finally, in this study, based on the results, solutions for inclusive design such as participation and presence, meeting needs, free and independent movement for all people in residential environments were presented.
