Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The fast growth of Iran’s population in the 20th century especially during the 80’s and due to the modern viewpoints, caused an unprecedented urban growth.  The growth pattern in some cities was scattered and wasted much agricultural land as well as natural resources in the urban fringe.  This phenomenon is called urban sprawl.  The problems due to urban sprawl in North America created a new theoretical approach called “the smart growth theory”.
The city of Yazd is the example of the highest damage caused by fast sprawled growth.  The reasons for the urban sprawl in various countries are numerous, but the results and difficulties created are much similar to Iran.  Therefore, the “smart growth” solution after adaptation to the special situation in Yazd could be applied.
In this research, after the acknowledgment of the problems of sprawl, the experiences of other countries is examined and considering the special circumstances in the city of Yazd, several strategies are developed which could enhance the present situation and prevent the continuation of sprawl in the future

Keywords

Main Subjects

1 ]خاکی غالمرضا،"روش تحقیق با رویکردی در پایان نامه نویسی"، انتشارات بازتاب، 1۶82. [2] U.S. Bureau of Census data on Urbanized Areas., ‘What is Sprawl?’, Available at: www.SprawlCity.org; Retrieved on 2008-02- 07. [۶] Frumkin H., “Urban Sprawl and Public Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”, Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/articles/Urba n%20Sprawl%20and%20Public%20Health%20- %20PHR. pdf; Retrieved on 2008-01-05. [4] Norman J., MacLean H. L., & Kennedy C. A., Comparing High and Low Residential Density: Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Journal of Urban Planning and Development 32 (1): pp. 10–21. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, Available at: http://scitation.aip.org; Retrieved on 2008-02-07. [5] Van Pelt G., (ed.), Cascadia Scorecard, Cascadia Scorecard, Seattle, Washington: Sightline Institute, 2006 Available at: http://www.sightline.org; Retrieved on 2008- 02-07. [6] Moore A., Henderson R., Plan Obsolescence, Reason Magazine. 1998 Available at: http://www.reason.com/news , Retrieved on 2008-02-07. ]8 ]دکسیادیس کنستانتین آپوستولو، "عقاب دو سر: از گذشته تا آینده اسکان بشر"، مترجم: ایرج اعتصام، تهران: موسسه پژوهش های فرهنگی هنری مولیان جم ،1۶88. ]8 ]باستیه ژان و دزر برنارد، " شهر". ترجمه: علی اشرفی، تهران: دانشگاه هنر، 1۶88 ،صفحههای 239 تا 249. [9] De Grove J., Turner R., Local Government in Florida: Coping with Massive and Sustained Growth in Huckshorn R., (ed.), Government and Politics in Florida, University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 1991. [10] Gruen V., Smith L., Shopping towns USA: the planning of shopping centers, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1960. [11] Frieden B. J., Saglyne L. B., Downtown Inc.: How America Rebuilds Cities, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989. [12] Davies R., Retail Planning Policies in Western Europe, Routledge, 1960. [13] McCann B., Driven to Spend, Surface Transportation Policy Project. 2000 Available at: http://www.transact.org/PDFs/DriventoSpend.p df; Retrieved on 2008-02-08. [14] The Guardian, Guardian Media Group., Is you car worth it?, 2003 Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/guardian_jobs_and_ money/story; Retrieved on 2008-02-08. [15] Snyder K., Bird L., Paying the Costs of Sprawl: Using Fair-Share Costing to Control Sprawl, U.S. Department of Energy, 1998. [16] Ray B., The Role of Cities in Immigrant Integration, Migration Information Source, 2003 Available at: http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/di splay.cfm?id=167; Retrieved on 2008-02-08. [17] Sierra Club., Cincinnati Challenge to Sprawl Campaign, 2008 Available at: http://www.sierraclub.org/epec/cincy; Retrieved on 2008-02-05. [18] Bonilla-Silva E., Embrick D. G., Every Place Has a Ghetto. The Significance of Whites’ Social and Residential Segregation, Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2007, pp.323-345. [19] Congress for the New Urbanism., The Charter of the New Urbanism. 1996 Available at: http://www.cnu.org/charter; Retrieved on 2008-02-09. [20] Duany A., Plater-Zyberk E., Suburban Nation: The rise of sprawl and the decline of the American Dream, New York: North Point Press, 2000. [21] Mulady K., Seattle dreams of 'green' team, 2005 Available at: http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/212425_kyot o17.html; Retrieved on 2008-02-11. [22] The Smart Growth Network., About Smart Growth. 2008 Available at: http://www.smartgrowth.org/about/default.asp?r es=1280; Retrieved on 2008-02-11. [23] The Smart Growth Network., Getting to Smart Growth, 2007 Available at: http://icma.org/sgn/libdetail.cfm?id=14922; Retrieved on 2007-10-17. ]21 ]حمیدی ملیحه و دیگران، "استخوانبندی شهر تهران"، تهران: معاونت فنی و عمرانی شهر تهران، جلد اول ،1۶8۳. 41 بهره گیری از رشد هوشمندانه در ساماندهی رشد پراکنده شهرها مصطفی عباس زادگان و همکار مجله فناوری و آموزش، سال سوم، جلد 3 ،شماره1 ،پاییز 1331 ]25 ]تقوایی مسعود. و سرایی محمد حسین، "گسترش افقی شهرها و ظرفیت های موجود زمین مورد شهر یزد"، تهران: فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، شماره .193 و 192 صفحههای، 1۶8۶ ،13 ]2۳ ]دهقان مهدی، "ناپایداری در توسعه شهر یزد"، تهران: ماهنامه شهرداری ها، شماره 62 ،1۶8۶ ، صفحه 19. ]28 ]عرصه، مهندسین مشاور، "طرح جامع شهر یزد: مطالعات مرحله شناخت"، 1۶8۶. ]28 ]نقصان محمدی محمدرضا، "تغییر و استمرار در شهر یزد"، یزد: دانشکده هنر و معماری یزد، چاپ نشده، .1۶8۶ ]29 ]توسلی محمود، "ساخت شهر و معماری در اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران"، تهران: دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، چاپ چهارم، 1۶۳۱. ]۶۱ ]محمدزاده رحمت، "درآمدی بر توسعه فیزیکی شتابان شهرها و عوارض ناشی از آن"، ماهنامه اطالعات سیاسی ـ اقتصادی، سال یازدهم، شماره 1 و .
CAPTCHA Image