Original Research Paper
Electronic learning- virtual
N. Amini; A.R. Nasr; B.E. Zamani; B. Tork Ladani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The nature of higher education is evolving due to the advancement of ICT while these technologies have had a significant impact on the mission of universities in education and research directions. ICT is a mdeiator that enables the expression of a wide range of information, ...
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Background and Objectives: The nature of higher education is evolving due to the advancement of ICT while these technologies have had a significant impact on the mission of universities in education and research directions. ICT is a mdeiator that enables the expression of a wide range of information, ideas, concepts and messages. This phenomenon, with all its features and applications, is the collection, organization, storage and dissemination of information, including audio, video, text or number, using computer and telecommunications tools. ICT as a new approach is complementary to education, not its alternative, and its the purpose of development is to improve and make education resources more efficient in general and human resources in particular. Numerous studies in the past have shown the positive effects of ICT in teaching. The development of information technology and the use of new tools and concepts provide the basis for the expansion of information and easy and low-cost access for learners, including school and unviersity students and teachers in the online way and enable the rapid exchange of information and cultural interactions. Higher education institutions are increasingly planning to use ICT as a tool for teaching-learning, scientific collaboration, scientific communication, development, and faculty empowerment, and in practice, are trying to use ICT to achieve goals. In facing the global need, ICT use help educators replace traditional teaching methods with technology-based teaching and learning tools and facilities. But today this is much more important for education than in the past, because new tools and the use of ICT are effective in instructional methods. ICT seems to have a tremendous impact on the learning process in higher education by providing new and exciting opportunities for faculty and students. The present study aims to Meta-analyze the previous studies on the effect of ICT on the faculty members' educational and research performance to show the real value 0f ICT. Methods:The research sample consists of all previous studies done on the effect of ICT till 2018 in Iran. The purposeful sampling was done for selection of 6 studies on the effect of ICT on the faculty members' educational performance and 5 appropriate studies regarding the impact of ICT on their research performance to enter the meta-analysis. The isntrument for data gathering includes a checklist of choosing studies technically and methodologically. The meta-analysis method consists of the mixed approach of Hunter and Smith and Cohen for interpretation of results. Findings: The findings confirmed that ICT has a significant effect on faculty members' educational and research performance. The effect size was of ICT on the faculty members' educational performance was 0.413. Also, the effect size of ICT on the faculty members' research performance was 0.315. Conclusion: Vsing ICT has significant effect on educationl and research per formance of faculty members. Considering the obtained results and the quantity and quality of existing research studies, it is suggested that the researches of these two fields be carried out at a higher level in terms of quality and observance of the rules of academic paper writing and conducting research. Also, to achieve a reliable result in the first stage, use parametric statistics in their design and use strong statistical methods with appropriate sample and appropriate sampling methods in accordance with the population.
Original Research Paper
English teaching
Sh. Zarinfard; M. Rahimi; A. Mohseny
Abstract
Background and ObjectiveS: The difference between students and their individual needs have been the focus of many pedagogues in recent decades. With the emergence and development of a variety of technologies and the expansion of access infrastructure to emerging technologies, the condition to access ...
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Background and ObjectiveS: The difference between students and their individual needs have been the focus of many pedagogues in recent decades. With the emergence and development of a variety of technologies and the expansion of access infrastructure to emerging technologies, the condition to access a variety of educational content has been met for a wide range of learners. The flipped classroom is one of the most ambitious ideas in education, which emerged in the last decade of the twentieth century with the aim of meeting the needs of learners and promoting learner-centered learning, using very simple technologies. The flipped class can affect the teacher's instructional practice and their interaction with students and even communication with parents. The main difference between the presentation method in the flipped classroom and the traditional classroom is that the teacher becomes a guide and facilitator of the learning process instead of the lecturer and controller of the teaching process. The flipped class gives students control over the teaching process by stopping and rewinding the teacher's teaching video. In this way, students with different levels of proficiency can listen to or see the teacher's teaching over and over again, without being accused of beingretarded by their classmates. Therefore, the students themselves take the main responsibility of planning for the lesson and learn the educational materials without any worries. This study investigated the impact of flipped classroom on the development of English reading comprehension. Methods:Two general English classes were selected based on convenience sampling and were assigned into control (n=25) and experimental (n=25) groups. The participants’ reading proficiency was assessed before and after the study by PET (Preliminary English Test). The scores of pre-test showed that the groups were homogeneous prior to the study. The experimental group received instruction based on flipped approach and the control group were taught based on conventional instruction. Findings: The result of MANOVA on post-test scores indicated that flipped classroom improved students’ reading comprehension significantly. Tests of between-subjects effects show that the groups’ means of posttest scores were significantly different in four parts of PET that focus on understanding the main idea and gist of meaning. The difference between the groups was not significant in Part 5 that assesses understanding the vocabulary and grammar in a short text. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of flipped instruction in general can improve learners' reading skills and comprehension. At the same time, this method has worked better in strengthening reading skills and comprehension of the general content and message of the texts than paying attention to smaller reading units such as vocabulary and grammar. This is logical given the theoretical underpinning of the flipped class in emphasizing higher-level cognitive skills and indicates the success of a model designed to teach GE. At the same time, it is necessary to help learners to strengthen low-level skills in the reading process by designing appropriate teaching aids and teaching learning strategies to them. Also, in order for this method to be successful in lower level cognitive activities, there is a need to continue using it and familiarizing learners with this method. In this study, due to the mediocre access of students to technology, advanced technologies (such as artificial intelligence, smart applications, etc.) were not used to prepare e-content. In addition, the flipped class was the first experience of the students participating in this study, and it is recommended to continued use of the flipped class (more than one semester) in other studies.
Original Research Paper
Books evaluation
Z. Abolhasani; M. Dehghani
Abstract
Background and ObjectiveS: The field of training and learning of work and technology is one of the eleven areas included in the national curriculum and includes the acquisition of practical skills for a productive life and the acquisition of competencies related to technology related sciences. One of ...
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Background and ObjectiveS: The field of training and learning of work and technology is one of the eleven areas included in the national curriculum and includes the acquisition of practical skills for a productive life and the acquisition of competencies related to technology related sciences. One of the main foundations of curriculum reform in the 20th century is the trend of increasing technology education. These competencies are essential for technological education and healthy life in the cyberspace, as well as readiness to enter professions and jobs in various economic and social sectors. According to Islamic teachings, work and employment have educational values and through work, human polishes their existential personality, establishes their identity and prepares the ground for their existential development and the possibility of earning a lawful livelihood and provides to meet the needs of the community. Another step in developing minimum skills is teaching design and technology in schools. Technology education, work and skills training will lead to personal development, increase productivity, participation in social and economic life, reduce poverty, and increase income and development. It should be noted that pathology is a systematic process of data collection in order to interact effectively and usefully in order to solve problems, challenges, pressures and environmental constraints in society. In fact, the pathology of the work and technology curriculum can help in determining hindrances, weaknesses and strengths, and challenges and opportunities and proposing suitable strategies. Also, warranting the quality in work and technology education is amongst the top priorities to develop the related curriculum, job selection and applied disciplines. If the quality of the curriculum of work and technology is not examined systematically, the entrepreneurship that is the top need of the country is not developed. The purpose of this study is to identify the damages in the implementation of the technology curriculum. Methods: This research is qualitative and phenomenological. This research was performed using a participatory observation tool and a semi-structured interview. The statistical society of this study was all Technology teachers and all students in secondary school in Baharestan city. Twenty of teachers were selected through available sampling, 80 of students were selected through accessible sampling and group interviews were conducted in groups of 6 to 8 people. Then the text of the interviews was analyzed in a 7-step manner. Findings: The findings of the research showed that from the perspective of teachers of technology education, five categories of "constraints, social factors, structural inadequacy, motivating strategies and curriculum planning" and ten sub-themes and from the perspective of students’ three categories of "social factors, motivational strategies and curriculum planning" and eleven sub-themes are vulnerable. Conclusion: There are many problems and damages from the point of view of teachers and students, for implementation of Technology Curriculum; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the conditions for the implementation of efficient methods of Technology curriculum, as it plays an essential role in generating entrepreneurial generation. Therefore, policy makers and educators need to pay more attention to the proper implementation of this curriculum. Policymakers and educators should pay more attention to the proper implementation of this curriculum. In line with this research, the following practical suggestions are presented: in-service courses should be held for teachers regarding the complete training of skills and modules; necessary funds should be awarded to fully equip the schools with the necessary facilities to carry out activities; the content of the curriculum should be revised according to the needs of the students and the facilities of the school in order to provide the necessary context for communication with the real life of the students; a clear framework and criteria for student evaluation should be established.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
H. Pour mehdi Ghayem Maghami
Abstract
Background and Objectives:The "sense of belonging" in architecture is formed in the interaction between man and the environment in environmental psychology and environmental design. By generalizing the concept of belonging based on Dehkhoda’s dictionary, one of the aspects of the sense of belonging ...
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Background and Objectives:The "sense of belonging" in architecture is formed in the interaction between man and the environment in environmental psychology and environmental design. By generalizing the concept of belonging based on Dehkhoda’s dictionary, one of the aspects of the sense of belonging means knowing oneself belonging to the place and the society with which human identity is defined. In children, the sense of belonging to the family and the home as innate institutions of the child's emotional and spatial dependence are at the peak of the concept of attachment. After the children attend school, the family and teachers, as well as the place and body of school for the second social and physical institution, must continue and complement the sense of social and spatial belonging. The concept of a sense of belonging is very important for the second place where students spend a lot of time. The current study expresses the concept of primary school students’ connectedness and tries to define and analyse school environment affordances to increase the connectedness. Methods: The research method is qualitative based on library and case studies. The case studies have been chosen from two categories: initial cases and the ones from abroad so that a comparative comparison would be done. Findings: As the comparative comparison revealed the intersection of the two kinds of case studies focus is on open space or yard. The different between them is that in abroad cases space affordances refer to social interaction, hominess and controlled career while in Iranian cases they refer to religious social interactions and athletic acts. Conclusion: As the results show, the affordances of Iranian schools should be better in increasing connectedness by re-designing these elements: schools entrance, schools wall which link to community, better yards, dynamic corridors, multipurpose classrooms, etc. Reviewing these elements should be followed both in theory and practice. Thus, more student participation is considered as an important social factor and a kind of guarantee to increase their sense of belonging to the school, and schools should provide their physical capabilities for more socialization of students and teachers as members of the school family. Also, due to the importance of the role of open spaces in schools, it is necessary to re-design school yards to meet safe and comfortable facilities and revive students' safe mobility in them.
Original Research Paper
Electronic learning- virtual
S. M. Jafari; J. Babashahi; N. Eskandary; M. Zandi Nasab
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, with the development of mass communication tools and computers, the penetration and expansion of the Internet in various areas of life is undeniable. One of the most pervasive phenomena that has emerged on the Internet in recent years is the emergence of social ...
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Background and Objectives: Today, with the development of mass communication tools and computers, the penetration and expansion of the Internet in various areas of life is undeniable. One of the most pervasive phenomena that has emerged on the Internet in recent years is the emergence of social media. Social media has affected social and economic life. The spread of social media has attracted the attention of various segments of society, including educational administrators. From the perspective of educational administrators, social media provides unique opportunities for teaching and learning. Social media is a group of Internet-based applications that rely on the basics of Web technology to create and share user-generated content. Social media, in addition to the entertainment aspect, is used to access and disseminate learning information, and their use to achieve educational goals has been studied in detail. One of the applications of social media is learning, in which the learning process takes place through knowledge sharing. With the development of social media, proper and efficient use of it is inevitable. Social media is a good tool for learning. In order to have a better and more advanced society, special attention should be given to the role of learning through social media. One of the issues that promotes the development of learning through social media is the loyalty of users to learning through social media. Therefore, in the present study, the antecedents of learning loyalty through social media have been studied. Methods: The present study is a descriptive study in terms of objective and applied in nature. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire and the population of this research was the users of the Telegram group of Qom IT Centre. In the current study, convenience sampling was used to collect 364 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Findings: The findings of the study showed that more than 95% of the statistical population were university educated and all the research hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion: The results of the research show that two indicators for measurement of learning loyalty through social media (behavioral intention to continue using and willingness to recommend to others) are affected by satisfaction, and satisfaction is also affected by self-efficacy of learning and interest to learning through social media. The results also showed that the cognitive disability of the Internet has disadvantages and causes a decrease in self-efficacy and interest in learning through social media. When a person feels the self-efficacy of learning through social media, they find interest and satisfaction in learning through it. Also, the interest in learning through social media leads to the satisfaction of learning through it, and finally, if a person finds satisfaction in learning, they have a behavioral tendency to continue using social media and a tendency to advise others.Through the above, the development of social media as a learning tool is possible, and this brings many benefits, including reducing learning costs, reducing learning time, expanding learning fairly, and improving learning.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
M. Wahdattalab; M. Kaboudi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Visual representations in the form of manuscripts are the most important tools for expressing ideas and generating concepts for designers and architecture students. Its wide application is always considered by designers due to the simplicity of tools and speed of expression. ...
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Background and Objectives: Visual representations in the form of manuscripts are the most important tools for expressing ideas and generating concepts for designers and architecture students. Its wide application is always considered by designers due to the simplicity of tools and speed of expression. Examining the types and methods of drawing design by students show that each uses a unique method and structure in drawing. An analysis of the concepts underlying the manuscript and identifying the possible relationship between graphic expression and personality type is very similar to research on graphology and the relationship between personality and handwriting. graphology is examined in psychology and personality analysis and means the analysis of physical features and handwriting patterns representing the author's personality. Conceptual sketch is the first visual representation of the mental ideas in the process of representation and interpretation embedded on paper, and similar to approaches of line psychology, it reflects many of the mental attributes of the designers and guidance for architecture design professors to understand the students' ability. The research problem is to identify the hidden concepts of conceptual sketch and how different personalities function in problem-solving. Methods: An exploratory descriptive study with an exploratory approach that with direct observation of architectural design and personality test seeks to find out the relationship between the qualities of drawing with personality type. Findings: The sample of the results of the personality and design test shows that perceptual and intuitive personalities have a broader approach to problem-solving ideas and are more skilled in open issues, but they are faced with defective details and lacking a fixed idea. In contrast, logical and judgmental personalities are more powerful in closed issues. They face flaws in detail and fail to come up with a well-established idea, and rational and judgmental personalities are more capable in closed issues. Conclusion: The results show that extroverted personalities have a general approach to the problem, while introverts do not pay attention to the essence of the problem and the real world, with mental ideas, especially in solving open problems by gathering a lot of information and drowning in an idea. Isolation and anxiety in the type of drawing indicate their lack of self-confidence. In intuitive and sensory personality, the way of receiving and interpreting the problem of designing and transmitting it becomes more visible. Attention to narrative and narrative aspects makes intuitions more successful in analyzing multidimensional problems; Therefore, they are more successful in solving open problems by creating various ideas, and in contrast, they are less careful in paying attention to details, especially in closed problems By primary interpretation of these sketches, professors can detect and correct these issues. Knowing students’ capabilities with respect to their varied personalities facilitates their guidance in the right time فخ strengthen their design ability and take the right path of productivity and fixed ideas.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
M. Arghiani; H. Vahdani charze khun
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In contemporary times, the concept of attachment to place has found considerable differences. Social scientists are heavily involved in the concepts of place and attachment to place. What happens to people's emotional connection to a place in a dynamic society? At the ...
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Background and Objectives: In contemporary times, the concept of attachment to place has found considerable differences. Social scientists are heavily involved in the concepts of place and attachment to place. What happens to people's emotional connection to a place in a dynamic society? At the macro level, globalization theorists offer a considerable understanding of the effects of dynamics on place and social organization in a city. They put emphasis on how economic, social, political, and cultural changes, travel and migration increase connectivity between distant places. Environmental psychologists, social scientists, and geoanthropologists distinguish between dynamism and attachment to space, and see the two concepts as contradictory. In the argumentative view, attachment to place is a phenomenon that is in the form of individual, social and place-human relations. Attachment in educational spaces is one of the most important factors affecting student attendance and consequently the prosperity and dynamics of the educational environment. Paying attention to the needs of these people with regard to their physical conditions can make their presence more prominent in educational settings. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting students' attachment feeling among high school students in Bojnourd. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose. Methods: In this study, survey and correlational research were used. For this purpose, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used to determine the normality of the distribution of research data and multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests were used to determine the relationship and severity and the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Findings: Findings showed that the sense of identity variable has the highest correlation with the level of attachment feeling. Therefore, the level of attachment feeling among the research variables is affected by the level of sense of identity and its related indicators. The second variable with the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0463 social bonds. The attachment sense variable was ranked third with a coefficient of 0.444, with the highest correlation being the attachment feeling question, which was 0.500 and a mean of 3.17, and the least related to being missing for this place in the attachment feeling, which was a mean of 2. 31 represents this issue, with a mean of 2.61 for quitting this place in three schools. Conclusion: Based on this, 37 indices were measured in 3 components. Summary of research results indicate that the components of sense of identity are the most important physical components affecting students' sense of attachment in educational spaces, respectively. Considering the correlation coefficients between the micro-indicators and the feeling of attachment, and to promote the sense of attachment to school, it is suggested to use architectural elements and shapes and volumes that identify the place until the sense of identity and finally the feeling of attachment is promoted. And significant components of the place are in the next ranks, in this process, preference for others and offering the school to others in the second stage through the meaning of place affects the attachment to the place.
Original Research Paper
Electronic learning- virtual
A. Badeleh; N. Nosrat; V. Soleymani Rad
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increasing development of technology has led to appearance of machines calls robots which have influenced different dimensions of human life. Robotics is one of the newest technologies in today’s world that has a great role in industry today and is gradually expanding ...
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Background and Objective: Increasing development of technology has led to appearance of machines calls robots which have influenced different dimensions of human life. Robotics is one of the newest technologies in today’s world that has a great role in industry today and is gradually expanding throughout human life. Robotics is a new tool that can meet many human needs and influence the attitudes and thoughts of people, especially adolescents, and influence their behavior, because adolescents are interested in gaining new experiences and technology, due to new inventions such as robotics, this need is met. Students feel more comfortable with technology and robotics, because this technology quenches their curiosity. The world of robotics is a combination of electronics, mechanics, software and hardware that is constantly evolving. In other words, a robot is an electromechanical device or intelligent software to replace humans, with the aim of performing various tasks. A machine that can be programmed to execute various commands or perform a series of special tasks, especially those that are beyond the natural capabilities of men. Robotics, due to its interdisciplinary nature, has an attractive approach to education, because it requires expertise in the fields of mathematics and aesthetics, while mathematics strengthens problem-solving thinking and aesthetics strengthens creative thinking. Therefore, it can be said that robotics is effective on students' problem-solving and creative thinking. This study aims to evaluate the effect of robotic education on problem-solving of junior-high school students in physics. Methods: This is a semi-experimental and causal-comparative study. The statistical population includes all schools participating in the robotics training program in Tehran. Using cluster sampling, from 5 districts of Tehran, one district was chosen, and then randomly from its schools, 6 schools with 173 students were selected and 120 students were randomly selected among them. Research tools included a researcher-made questionnaire of problem-solving measurement and an educational package of robotic structures in physics. Its validity was confirmed by content validity method by robotics experts and testers and its reliability was achieved 0.95 using Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, SPSS software was used in two levels of descriptive statistics (indexes of centrality and frequency) and deductive statistics (independent t-test, variance analysis and covariance analysis). Findings: The findings show there is a significant relationship between educational robotic and problem-solving skills, and also, there is no significant relationship between the effect of robotic education on the level of problem-solving skills among girls and boys students. Conclusion: Robotic education has a significant effect on problem solving skills of high school students. The present study, like any other research, has certain limitations such as using only one research instrument, i.e. questionnaire and not using other instruments and geographical and curricular limitations and training costs and robot construction, and need for advanced workshop equipment. There was a lack of original and standard software. Therefore, it is suggested that the present study be conducted in other geographical areas and in other courses and in places with advanced engineering facilities to increase the probability of generalizations. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that arrangements be made to investigate the effect of robotics on students' motivation and learning, and to provide accurate information to provide solutions for the correct use of robotics training. In addition, it is suggested that robotics training methods in other countries be considered to promote the effectiveness of robotics training on students.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
P. Hessari; A. Mohtasham; A. Farzandost
Abstract
Background and Objective: Schools, as the first formal and targeted educational and training center with predetermined managerial and managerial methods, play an important role in identifying individual talents. Talents that, if properly identified, can be the right path to the goals of a person's ...
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Background and Objective: Schools, as the first formal and targeted educational and training center with predetermined managerial and managerial methods, play an important role in identifying individual talents. Talents that, if properly identified, can be the right path to the goals of a person's future by relying on intelligence. Providing the groundwork for talent recognition, followed by smart choices for the future, starts with an environment such as family and school; and schools must be able to pursue this issue properly. Educational methods based on educational technology and cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies are active educational methods that have an impact on academic achievement and self-efficacy. The philosophy of education in the past was limited to the transfer of an organized set of knowledge and the creation and promotion of a value system governing the behavior of the individual and society, which is important in the framework and efficient program of a discipline system with a specific structure and institutional chain. Educational concepts, methods, and steps were institutionalized, but today the philosophy of education has been developed more than ever before and new approaches have been used, in which the learner is given primary importance rather than the path he or she takes. This process is completely contrary to the teacher-centered method, because in the teacher-centered method, it is the teacher who determines the type of activity and how it is done without considering the various spectrums of intelligence and considers only the learning requirements, while the student-centered method is flexible. Trying to deal with each person in turn. The use of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences emphasizes the concept that the mental, physical and psychological structure of individuals is different and the focus of education should be on the type of intelligence of individuals, so the need to design school architecture with such flexibility can be studied and analyzed. Methods: This study, using available data from domestic and foreign scientific and research resources and field studies, compares the position of the theory of multiple intelligences in the architecture of the schools of the West and Iran. Findings: The flexibility in the type of education according to the type of school design in Iran, which is linear, with closed classes and one form, is negligible, and compared to the design of schools in the West, the lack of features includes Gardner's multiple intelligences. This is while the design of schools in the West with open and dynamic classroom practices seeks to stimulate various types of intelligence. Conclusion: Relying on multiple intelligences is one of the themes that can be combined with the design of schools and relying on a pivotal student to flourish creativity in students, a way in which none of the two students are in the same conditions, and they are who determine their learning by their activities. In fact, in this type of school design, the teacher becomes a pivotal student
Original Research Paper
Educational Technology Psychology
B. SalehSedghpour; M.S. Taher Tolou Del; S. A. Sadat
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Happiness is the highest level of positive emotion. Happiness is neurologically activated by a rapid decrease in nerve firing rate. Getting rid of physical pain, getting rid of worries, solving difficult problems, and winning an anxiety-provoking competition are examples of ...
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Background and Objectives: Happiness is the highest level of positive emotion. Happiness is neurologically activated by a rapid decrease in nerve firing rate. Getting rid of physical pain, getting rid of worries, solving difficult problems, and winning an anxiety-provoking competition are examples of a pattern of reduced neurological arousal of happiness. Avoiding stressors and avoiding accelerating change is not possible. In such a situation, people can prepare themselves to effectively deal with stressful life situations that have already provided the possibility of well-being, mental and physical health. Therefore, recognizing the factors that lead to the well-being and mental health of individuals is of particular importance. Since the main purpose of mental well-being is to help all people achieve a fuller, happier life and to prevent mood, emotional and behavioral disorders, prevention of mental illness in order to create a healthy society is one of the main tasks of educational systems. Happiness is one of the most important and influential variables in human life. Happiness is a kind of meaning of life or one of its givers. The effect of happiness on life satisfaction is significant. The purpose of this study is to rebuild, validate, and standardize of the Argyle, Martin, and Crass land’s Oxford happiness scale (OHI). The scale consists of 29 items in terms of five areas of life satisfaction, self-esteem, well-being, mind satisfaction, and positive mood that have been made available to the participants. Methods: The research method is descriptive-survey based on R factor analysis. The statistical population of the study was 200 students of architecture in four universities in Tehran, selected by simple random sampling method. Findings: The results of this study indicate that in the Oxford happiness scale, argyle has five factors; self-respect, life satisfaction, mind satisfaction, well-being and positive mood, while in this study, the factors of hope, life satisfaction, well-being, positive mood and aesthetic sense have come to light and there are two differences: “the aesthetic sense” that is unique to the field of architecture and “the hope” is specific to for Iranian. Conclusion: Finally, a comparative study of research in Oxford questionnaire between 1999 and 2007 was conducted with a 95% and 96% fitness index ratio in 2019.
Original Research Paper
Education technology -training course
M. Maleki; M.J. Liaghatdar; M.R. Nili
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, vocational education is a part of the school curriculum that is more about preparing students for life and employment in the society. This training can be the main part of the curriculum with a part of as the requirements for graduation or the fulfilment of other courses. ...
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Background and Objectives: Today, vocational education is a part of the school curriculum that is more about preparing students for life and employment in the society. This training can be the main part of the curriculum with a part of as the requirements for graduation or the fulfilment of other courses. This type of training should be an integral part of all phases of education and should be provided through an organized and graded program. In this regard, the main categories of work that are specifically emphasized are: work related to individual needs, work at home, work in the classroom, school and extracurricular activities, and integrated school loss, work as a learning experience, work in society by focusing on altruistic and selfless services, and work related to professional growth, production, social utility, and the discovery of opportunities and ways of caring. In addition to business skills, in today's modern world, access to information and knowledge and gain insight and attitude in this field, is considered important, so the skill of acquiring credible knowledge and information can be a factor in the growth and development of societies. And any plan, initiative, tool and device that focus on the interaction between the instructor and the learner in order to gain competencies is an example of educational technology. The purpose of the present study was to identify the basic skills of work and technology curriculum designed for junior high school students. Methods: This research has been carried out qualitatively using phenomenological method. The research community consisted of sample Iranian instructors of work and technology curriculum. Sampling was carried out by utilizing target method and standard type sampling. Professional interviews with 13 participants to the extent of saturation were used. For data analysis, the three-step coding method (open, axial and selective) was used. Findings: The findings showed that the basic skills included in work and technology curriculum at the junior high school consists of a series of categories as follows: perceptual (11 subcategories), communication (5 subcategories), ethics (5 subcategories), technical (6 subcategories) and technological (3 subcategories). Conclusion: Today, it is clear that the teaching and learning of students in the field of work and technology is not limited to school and high school, but it is necessary that students throughout life, from formal to informal education, have a desire for lifelong learning. In the meantime, one of the important tools of lifelong learning that leads to the growth and development of students is the acquisition of information and technology literacy skills, so that information literacy for students increases their ability to recognize information needs, recognize incomplete information, ability to access and discover information, the ability to evaluate information and select information. Technological literacy also increases students' innovation in practice, as well as their ability to use, manage, evaluate, and understand technology, followed by lifelong learning. In general, whether a student is successfully completing high school or not, learning basic skills can prepare him or her for the future. Learning the basics of work and technology should be such that the student is equipped with the abilities, skills, experiences, ambitions that lead to success in life after high school. The results show that it is necessary to revise work and technology curriculum at the junior high school education, and take into account the basic skills mentioned in this study.
Original Research Paper
Electronic learning- virtual
S.A. Azimi; G.I. Kirilova; N. Soleimani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The world-wide approach to using distance learning technology for education proves that the use of this tool has unique benefits for teaching and learning. However, the use of technology must be carefully monitored. Educational technologies are effective tools, but they do ...
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Background and Objectives: The world-wide approach to using distance learning technology for education proves that the use of this tool has unique benefits for teaching and learning. However, the use of technology must be carefully monitored. Educational technologies are effective tools, but they do not do extraordinary work on their own. In fact, it is the proper use of them by stakeholders, including professors and students that grant these tools value, efficiency and effectiveness. One of the main features of technology is self-education; but in the course of self-learning, more basic skills must be established and strengthened, including the skills of self-knowledge, self-organization, and self-motivation to study, which ultimately lead to self-development. Appropriate use of educational technologies such as the use of content management systems and their facilities can potentially support the development of various stages of self-development. The use of educational technologies to achieve self-development is associated with significant efforts by teachers and time costs. In addition, professors must have sufficient knowledge, technical skills, talent and experience in this field. These efforts are complemented by a review of goals, content, and the selection of appropriate teaching methods. As a result, if professors are able to select appropriate information sources, analyze and combine different knowledge, it is possible to achieve a different qualitative result. However, there is not always coordination between various elements, and as a result, there are shortcomings in this area. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of self-development of students on their academic achievement through the use of distance learning technology by instructors. Methods: This study was carried out in a statistics course using the quasi- experimental method (pretest-posttest). The statistical population of the study were 664 students in the field of the social sciences (economics and management) of Iranian and Russian virtual universities in the academic years of 2015-2017. 242 students (112 from Russia and 136 from Iran) were chosen among them based on Morgan's table. Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test of self-development and academic achievement of Iranian and Russian students. Conclusion: The use of educational technology by faculty members has a significant effect on improving students' academic achievement and self-development. Usefulness of technologies can be more evident by targeted use of them. The results of this research remind us that a new and different look at technology and its applications is effective in creating new developments and experiences in education. In fact, the purpose of using technology in today's era should be to develop individual and self-development skills, in order to achieve the main goal of education, which is to train active learners who are ready for change, and thus they are able to come up with creative and thoughtful solutions to face the problems of life in the present century, as well as increase their academic performance.
Original Research Paper
Electronic learning- virtual
V.R. Mirzaeian
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Machine translation is now widely used everywhere; However, its role as a language learning tool has not been confirmed, as there are concerns about its quality. However, if we compare the machine translation output with the output produced ten years ago, we see a significant ...
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Background and Objectives: Machine translation is now widely used everywhere; However, its role as a language learning tool has not been confirmed, as there are concerns about its quality. However, if we compare the machine translation output with the output produced ten years ago, we see a significant improvement in its quality, especially in terms of vocabulary and grammar. Machine translation can be defined as: the process by which, using electronic devices, input can be provided from one language and output delivered in another language. When machine translation became available on smartphones, it gained universal acceptance because of its benefits such as free and easy access. In the field of education, many learners use this technology every day for various personal as well as academic purposes. These goals mainly include understanding a text that is not written in the native language or translating different texts from different languages into other languages and delivering it as homework. Machine translation can help learners gain a quick understanding of a text written in a language other than their mother tongue by producing an incomplete version. The aim of this research was to assess the quality of machine translation and its impact on students’ reading comprehension. Methods: Three types of texts were selected with varying levels of difficulty. These texts were translated once by a human translator and once by machine translation (Google Translator). Finally, six texts were obtained. The output of machine translation was evaluated and analyzed. Postgraduate students who happened to use machine translation more frequently were then randomly divided into six groups, each group reading one of these texts and answering multiple choice comprehension questions at the end of the text. The T-test was performed on the data and it was found that from the three types of texts, the two types of texts, despite having some lexical and grammatical problems, were able to compete with human translation. Findings: The data showed that the quality of machine translation is improving and has now reached a degree of quality that can be used as a tool in educational environments. Some guidelines were also given on how to use this technology in the classroom. Conclusion: This study attracts attention of language educators to MT and its use in language teaching. It suggests that language educators should be trained to use this tool to improve language learning among students. Considering that the type of text has a great impact on the quality of machine translation and very good scientific texts and very bad literary texts are machine translated, this point should also be considered in generalizing the results of this research. All three texts translated by Google were able to match the human translated text in terms of comprehension, but the number of unknown sentences in this text was more than the other two texts, which were expected to have a negative effect on students' comprehension, which was not observed. The issue of gender can also be examined to see if there is a relationship between gender and the type of reaction to machine translation or not.
Original Research Paper
Education technology - higher education
Kh. Mirzaei; M. Sepahpanah
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In recent decades, the development of agriculture and rural areas has been very important and in some cases it has been mentioned as the axis of development. Since the development of countries is impossible without efficient specialists, education is considered as one of the ...
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Background and Objectives: In recent decades, the development of agriculture and rural areas has been very important and in some cases it has been mentioned as the axis of development. Since the development of countries is impossible without efficient specialists, education is considered as one of the priorities of any country, including Iran. E-learning with modern communication methods is one of the educational systems that has been focused on due to the growth and expansion of Internet networks and has been proposed as a new idea and the key to the transition of human resources to the information society. Today, to increase the motivation of learners and improve the productivity of education, attention to digital technologies is increasingly important. With the beginning of the age of information technology, educational systems were one of the first areas that underwent changes and the use of new and active learning methods by educational administrators in various fields such as agricultural sciences, engineering, medicine, etc. have been felt. The current study of the effectiveness New educational communication tools in Comparison with Traditional Methods in Increasing water resources usersKnowledge. Method and Materials: In a quasi-experimental study, 60 gardeners were randomly selected as the samples. They were divided into two peer groups with respect to age, education, economic status, amount of land, being a member of social network (30 for experiments and 30 for control). The main tool for research was the researcher-made questionnaire which was formed on the basis of existing theoretical comments. Findings: The results showed that the strategies that gardeners apply for climate change are intercropping strategy, using integrated farming systems, changing the time farming operation, drought-tolerant crops. According to Levene test and equality of variances, there is a significant difference (Telegram and What Sapp) between the pre-test scores and post-test scores in the group receiving mobile learning. So that education through social networks and electronics had a significant impact in adopting coping strategies relating the effects of climate change. Conclusion: The results indicate that the component of the hope for recovery has had the greatest impact on adaptation to climate change. And the component of fidelity has the least effect. Also, demographic and psychological components explain 61% of changes in farmers' adaptation. According to the research results and in order to increase the learning efficiency and improve the level of knowledge and skills of gardeners and farmers, it is suggested to use new methods of hybrid instruction education. It is also suggested that training courses on the use of modern equipment and tools for gardeners be considered by those involved in the field of agricultural education and the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. Since e-learning as well as mobile learning are not limited to a specific time and place and have a very wide scope of practice and are known as ‘teaching at any time and place’, therefore, it is recommended to make maximum use of this potential capacity to create growth and development among gardeners.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
N. Gheshlaghi; Sh. Mirshahzadeh; Sh. Toghyani; Sh. Azizi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Educational spaces, which take up a large part of students' daily time, are not created merely to meet educational needs, but should include the various aspects of student interaction and the physical environment that give rise to a sense of belonging to the school. This feeling ...
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Background and Objectives: Educational spaces, which take up a large part of students' daily time, are not created merely to meet educational needs, but should include the various aspects of student interaction and the physical environment that give rise to a sense of belonging to the school. This feeling will connect the person with the place. Students who are studying in these educational environments can understand the meaning of it, they can communicate better with that environment. Today, the study of the sense of belonging in schools has received less attention and mostly the educational needs of students have been taken into account. Addressing this special issue and examining it among high school students is very important because of their awared behavior. At the present, the relationship between students and the school environment is very important; therefore, the purpose of this article is understanding the effective components of the environment. It seems that one of the factors influencing this relationship is the meaning of the environment. Methods:The data collection was don based on a survey method, using both questionnaires and direct observation and mapping observations. The research method according to open-ended questions is a combination of consecutive ones. The analysis stage also relies on the results of the questionnaire to identify their relationship with the characteristics of space. Findings: Data collection was done through survey and open and closed questionnaires and direct students’ behavior observation. The questionnaire was developed and analyzed in 6 qualitative sections. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that the effect of form-spatial school features on student's belongingness is higher than other environmental factors, due to semantic capabilities. In other words, in various levels of environment’s meanings, the fourth and fifth levels of meaning, which are considered to be the symbolic meaning, are more important than other levels of meaning for students, and its cause is largely rooted in the value and emotional meanings of space. In fact, there is, a completely direct relationship between the semantic levels of changed function of non-profit school space and the ideal situation of students in educational spaces. In other words, the emotional and perceptual components of the school environment can better communicate with the student's mental state if they use the symbolic levels of meaning in space.
Original Research Paper
Education technology - higher education
A. Jadidi Mohammadabadi; M.R. Sarmadi; M. Farajolahi; H. Zare
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the forms of knowledge acquisition in the current era is the distance education system, which has changed the traditional teaching methods, made it possible for everyone to learn everywhere and at any time, and has established social justice in the distribution of resources ...
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Background and Objectives: One of the forms of knowledge acquisition in the current era is the distance education system, which has changed the traditional teaching methods, made it possible for everyone to learn everywhere and at any time, and has established social justice in the distribution of resources and facilities. It has created the necessary conditions for standardized education and in accordance with the needs of individuals and society, as well as the significant help that this system can easily and timely modernize education, save time, money and energy consumption, create opportunities for continuing education for employed people, strengthen specializations and creates calmness and reduces anxiety. And given that in addition to classroom teaching at the university, distance learning is now a valid method worldwide and UNESCO and other educational organizations around the world emphasize the expansion of distance learning, it is necessary to seriously develop it and the foundations of epistemology; and make it known to policymakers, planners and learners.The present study was conducted with the aim of identification and assessing the epistemological characteristics of MOOC (massive and courses). Methods: For this purpose, two methods of exploratory search (qualitative) and a questionnaire (quantitative) method were used. In the qualitative part of the research environment, the relevant electronic sources related to the subject matter of the research including 20 related articles were selected. In the quantitative section from the statistical population of 60 specialists in planning distance education in 2018 in the country a sample of 36 people was selected through voluntary sampling. To analyze the qualitative data, content analysis method and content validity index were used for analyzing quantitative data from mean weight and Friedman test. Findings: The results of content analysis indicated that four episodes of the learner, the content, teaching organization and educational environment can be investigated in MOOC epistemology (massive and courses). A total of 35 criteria were identified and confirmed. Quantitative results show that improving the level of information and digital literacy of professors, and knowledge with previous cognitive structures are the most important criterions of the epistemological characteristics of the courses of MOOC; and the criteria of ease of usedigital content, the recruitment of information technology professionals, for knowledge courses and the provision of Internet-based learning group environment, are the most important criterion for epistemology of massive MOOC. Conclusion: The results showed that in the epistemology of massive courses the dim
Original Research Paper
Educational Management
Kh. Sarboland
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most important challenges facing human resource experts is proving the role of these resources in value creation of the organization. With the advent of knowledge organizations in the knowledge-based economy, the share of human capital in the value creation of the ...
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Background and Objectives: One of the most important challenges facing human resource experts is proving the role of these resources in value creation of the organization. With the advent of knowledge organizations in the knowledge-based economy, the share of human capital in the value creation of the organization has surpassed the physical and structural capital and heavy investments in human resources to make them the main factor justified competitive advantages. Since efficient and value-creating manpower is the most valuable resource of any organization, most of the investments are focused on human resources. The most important tool used for this purpose is training, which is used with the aim of improving the quality of skills, knowledge and attitudes that enable people to perform their duties and the success of the organization. In a dynamic and efficient organization, employees need new training and new skills to regain the success of their careers and to be equipped with what is needed for high-standard training. Manpower training courses include programs and activities designed to improve employee performance with the aim of solving current performance problems and preventing future problems of the organization. It is also an approach whose main purpose is to change and teach employees and increase the skills needed to perform job duties more effectively. This research has sought to explain the development model of the system supporting electronic performance with the human resource rewarding approach in governmental organizations. Methods: The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative part included experts in the field of support of electronic performance and value creation of human resources of governmental organizations. In the qualitative part the population included senior staff of public organizations in Ardabil province. Sample size in the qualitative section was 24 people selected through targeted sampling and snowball interviews, and in the quantitative part, 278 of the senior staff members of public organizations in Ardebil province were selected by proportional allocation sampling method.The instruments used in the qualitative section were structured interviews and semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative section, a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. Findings: According to research findings, research structures were satisfactory Also, all components of the electronic performance support system offered in the human resource value creation were desirable. Conclusion: Electronic performance support system plays an important role in realizing the value creation of human resources. This means that as the level of support for electronic performance increases, the value creation of human resources will also increase. Due to the multiplicity of government organizations, it is suggested that in future research, government organizations be clustered according to appropriate criteria and then be studied and analyzed in each cluster separately and if possible they merge to achieve more reliable results at the national level; providing a computer-based job environment and combining appropriate tools in it, which indicates the actual performance of employees, and can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of this system in creating value for employees; managers of government organizations should pay basic attention to the skill level of employees in designing support resources and choosing the level of support; and finally, according to the results of these analyses, the level and element of performance support should be identified and selected. to increase the value creation of human resources.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
F. Abbaszadeh Diz; H. Rashid Kolvir; A. Rezaeisharif
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the important and influential issues of research is recognizing the components of the physical environment of schools as learning process can be influenced by the physical environment of the school. Paying attention to the architectural features of school buildings, ...
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Background and Objectives: One of the important and influential issues of research is recognizing the components of the physical environment of schools as learning process can be influenced by the physical environment of the school. Paying attention to the architectural features of school buildings, among other features, can be achieved by creating schools with successful students. What is commonly known today as the physical model of the school are the classrooms that are continuously connected through the corridor, and this pattern of building schools as a pattern continues. If the learning environment, whether classroom or school, is designed in such a way that students are the center of activity, it provides a very good ground for increasing students' interest in the school environment. In the collaborative learning method that is the goal of the research, students are placed in such an environment and engage in collaborative activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical environment components of schools with a participatory learning approach. Methods: This applied research is of descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population of the study was male middle school students in Tabriz. 356 male middle school students were randomly selected from four schools in different parts of the city. The data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and chi-square test. Findings: The results showed that the satisfaction of the physical environment in all four studied schools was low and the tendency for the environments in which the students could participate was very high. It can be deduced that the more the physical environment of the school has favorable conditions for participatory learning, the higher the level of satisfaction and interest in learning in students are, and also education and training take place properly. Conclusion: The results showed that the elements of physical environment such as furniture, green space, color, and space geometry are among the most important factors in learning, especially learning and cooperative activity in schools, which can have a significant effect on students’ satisfaction and their presence with enthusiasm at school. One of the suggestions of the present study is to design suitable and efficient spaces according to the aesthetic and psychological principles as well as the use of collaborative learning method for lecture-based teaching.
Original Research Paper
Architecture
M.A. Banihashemi; H. Beyti
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Visual expression techniques play an important role in providing technical information in the design process of architecture, but this way of expressing the image that is common in the West is not in accordance with our past architectural look. The perception of space in past ...
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Background and Objectives:Visual expression techniques play an important role in providing technical information in the design process of architecture, but this way of expressing the image that is common in the West is not in accordance with our past architectural look. The perception of space in past architecture was not human-centered. So, if we are to seek a generalized approach and to conform to an ontological-based view of Islamic-Iranian wisdom, one can ask the principles of mapping the Iranian documentary image architecture in the past. In this study, the attitude of Iranian artists to space in the painting environment on the one hand and the history of perspective and the principles of perspective drawing on the other hand have been studied. It is expected that by examining this view of space and expanding it in the intellectual framework of Islamic wisdom and by examining the status of two elements of time and place in the intellectual space of these two worlds, the point of difference between the two views of the West and Iran to space is identified. Methods: On the one hand, this study uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the attitudes of Iranian artists to space in a gallery environment and on the other hand, expands intellectual framework of Islamic wisdom. Understanding this insight in the Iranian intellectual and cultural sphere can be interpreted in the form of colloquialism in the presentation of drawing documents. Findings: In this regard, the hyper-process method as a graphing approach with the approach of increasing the points of escape and displacement of the lines is introduced; and consequently the field of view and motion from the mere point of view of spatial representation in the field of architectural drawings is increased. Conclusion: Considering the place of spatial drawings in the process of architectural design and teaching how to draw perspectives in basic courses with architecture students, as well as the importance of familiarizing architecture students with the principles of visual expression and related drawing methods, this study Introduces and suggests it for presentation to architecture students. The hyper-process method tries to have a functional interpretation of the perfectionist worldview of the Iranian artist (as it was before). This method allows the image of all spatial details in one frame and creates a suitable spatial impression in the viewer and facilitates the understanding of architectural space in the architectural design process. It is also possible to teach this method based on the principles and rules governing linear perspective in a way that is understandable to architecture students.
Original Research Paper
Educational Management
G. Azari Arani; J. Rezaeenour
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The economic growth of a country depends on several factors, among which the role of knowledge is undeniable. Many studies have shown that countries' GDP is often affected by the country's knowledge infrastructure. A knowledge-based economy is an economy that is directly based ...
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Background and Objectives: The economic growth of a country depends on several factors, among which the role of knowledge is undeniable. Many studies have shown that countries' GDP is often affected by the country's knowledge infrastructure. A knowledge-based economy is an economy that is directly based on the production, distribution and consumption of knowledge, and investment in knowledge and knowledge-based industries is given special attention. In this economy, where a significant share of GDP is from knowledge-based and knowledge-creating activities, knowledge generates more production than traditional factors such as labor and capital, and the value of many software and biotechnology companies arises from non-physical capitals, i.e. their knowledge and scientific privileges. Accordingly, knowledge creation is an essential weapon in today's world and without a continuous process of knowledge creation, any society is doomed to destruction. Knowledge creation and learning is the creation of new knowledge, or the replacement and improvement of the existing knowledge through social relations and organizational partnerships. The creation and application of knowledge has a major role in increasing wealth in a knowledge-based economy. The problem is that knowledge creation and learning has not been investigated at the national level yet. Methods: By applying qualitative-quantitative methods, based on Delphi technique, the procedure of identifying and explaining the processes of national knowledge creation and learning has been discussed first. Then by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a significant t-value of more than 1.96, between the identified dimensions and the variable national knowledge creation and learning, was obtained that was acceptable. Findings: Additionally, the impact of the process of national knowledge creation and learning on GDP was measured through conducting a survey and using a questionnaire, while taking the mediating role of national intelligence into account by using Sobel test. It was found that by including the mediating variable of national intelligence, the standardized beta for the relationship between national knowledge creation and learning, and gross domestic product was reduced from 0.80 to 0.18, but it is significant. Conclusion: Therefore, the variable national intelligence plays the role of a partial mediator; in other words, while the impact of national knowledge creation and learning, as the main variable, is maintained, the mediating role of national intelligence also affects GDP. This research had some limitations. One of these limitations was the stereotyped thinking about the process of knowledge creation. In this study, only one dimension of knowledge management, namely ‘knowledge creation’ was used. While we can pay attention to all the processes of the knowledge management cycle in society, instead of just thinking about the creation of knowledge at the national level, in order to promote national performance. Based on this, it is suggested that other researchers consider other dimensions of the knowledge management cycle and go one step further. Researchers can also examine the existing challenges and potential barriers to the national knowledge creation process or the requirements for knowledge creation at the national level. Alternatively, researchers can study international knowledge creation processes by considering cultural differences and provide solutions to increase the likelihood of knowledge creation globally. It is suggested that future researchers make a comparative study of the national knowledge creation model with other models of measuring intellectual capital in the world and examine the strengths and weaknesses of each model and prioritize these models based on their applicability in similar countries. It is also suggested that researchers use fuzzy logic theory to make relative measurements of each of the constructs of the national knowledge creation process and conduct field and academic research in this regard. As another suggestion, researchers can conduct this research on a specific industry and compare its results with the results of this study.
