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اثربخشی آموزش فیزیک با رویکرد زمینه‌محور بر خودتنظیمی، خودکارآمدی و یادگیری دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه اول در آموزش مجازی فیزیک

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه آموزش فیزیک، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی ۸۸۹-۱۴۶۶۵ تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: همه‌گیری کووید‌- ۱۹ سیستم آموزشی را به‌طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای در سرتاسر جهان تحت تأثیر قرار داده بود که با تغییر ناگهانی آموزش مجازی و آموزش الکترونیکی همراه بوده است. با شیوع کرونا و تعطیلی مدارس، آموزش مجاری به یکی از چالش‌های هر سیستم آموزشی تبدیل شده بود. روشن است که اگر محتوای جدید فیزیک با همان روش‌های سنتی (مرسوم) آموزش داده شود و از شیوه‌‌های آموزشی نوین، متناسب با محتوای درسی، استفاده نشود، اهداف جدید برنامه‌ درسی فیزیک محقق نخواهد شد. علم فیزیک با فراهم ساختن توانایی درک ارتباط بین آن‌چه مشاهده می‌شود و مفاهیم و قوانین حاکم بر جهان طبیعت، آن‌چنان وسعت ذهنی به همراه دارد که افراد را برای حضور در اجتماع، حل مشکلات و بحران‌‌‌‌های آینده به‌خوبی آماده می‌‌‌کند تا با به‌کار‌گیری روش علمی ‌‌‌‌‌‌و برنامه‌ریزی دقیق مراحل مؤفقیت را به‌خوبی پشت سر گذارند. استفاده از روش‌‌‌‌های آموزشی فعال به‌ویژه روش زمینه‌محور نقش زیر‌بنایی در درک مفاهیم فیزیک دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر آموزش فیزیک با رویکرد زمینه‌محور بر یادگیری، خودتنظیمی ‌‌و خودکارآمدی دانش‌آموزان در فضای آموزشی مجازی بود.
روش‌ها:‌ روش پژوهش حاضر، یک تحقیق نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع طرح پیش‌آزمون‌- ‌پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کل دانش‌آموزان پایه هشتم مقطع متوسطه اول مدرسه انقلاب ناحیه ۲ مشهد در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۰بود. با روش نمونه‌‌گیری در دسترس ۶۰ نفر دانش‌آموز دختر متوسطه اول پایه هشتم از مدرسه دولتی انقلاب انتخاب شد. این افراد به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه ۳۰ نفرگروه آزمایش و ۳۰ نفرگروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش به مدت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای تحت مداخله آموزش زمینه محور قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل، آموزش سنتی را دریافت کردند. مبحث مورد پژوهش، الکتریسیته ساکن بود. به‌منظور جمع‌‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامه استاندارد خودتنظیمی بوفارد و همکاران و پرسش‌نامه استاندارد خودکارآمدی شرر و همکاران استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش، برای ارزیابی یادگیری از سؤالات محقق ساخته استفاده شد. برای تعیین پایایی ابزارها، از آزمون همتا استفاده شد. هر دو گروه قبل و بعد از مداخله، در فضای مجازی، با پرسش‌نامه‌های محقق ساخته  یادگیری، خودتنظیمی بوفارد و خودکارآمدی شرر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج هر دو گروه با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس، انحراف معیار و رگرسیون مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد تفاوت بین پس‌آزمون دو گروه در متغیر خودکارآمدی (۰۰۱/۰ P=، ۸۶/۷۲= F)، یادگیری خودتنظیمی ‌‌(۰۰۱/۰ P=، ۹۰/۸۰= F) در سطح 01/0 p< معنی‌دار است. پس می‌‌توان نتیجه گرفت که بین نمرات یادگیری خودتنظیمی ‌‌و خودکارآمدی در گروه آزمایش و کنترل در پس‌آزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد میانگین تعدیل‌شده نمرات فیزیک گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بیشتر است، در نتیجه، آموزش فیزیک با رویکرد زمینه‌محور در افزایش یادگیری دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه اول تأثیر دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده از پژوهش حاضر، علی‌رغم محدودیت‌های آموزشی در فضای مجازی، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از رویکرد زمینه‌محور در آموزش فیزیک، تأثیر مثبتی بر خودکارآمدی، خودتنظیمی و یادگیری دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه اول دارد. این روش با ایجاد فرصت‌های متنوع یادگیری، موجب افزایش دانش و درک گسترده‌تری از مباحث فیزیک الکتریسیته می‌شود. از آن‌جا که فیزیک دامنۀ گسترده‌ای از موضوعات را در بر می‌گیرد که افراد را برای مشارکت در جامعه، حل مشکلات و بحران‌های آینده آماده می‌کند، استفاده از روش‌های فعال و زمینه‌محور در کلاس‌های فیزیک می‌تواند یک سیستم آموزشی مؤثر و کاربردی ایجاد کند. پیشنهاد می‌شود که برای رسیدن به یک سیستم آموزشی پویا و خلاق، از روش‌های فعال و زمینه‌ محور استفاده شود. این امر منجر به ایجاد تحول فکری و تغییرات اساسی در ساختار، روش‌ها، الگوها، ایده‌ها و نگرش‌ها خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Context-Based Physics Education on Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy, and Learning of Middle School Students in Online Physics Education

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Sedaghat
  • F. Khodadadi Azadboni

Department of Physics Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the education system worldwide, leading to a sudden shift to virtual and electronic learning. With the closure of schools, remote learning has become a major challenge for every education system. It is clear that if new physics content is taught using traditional (conventional) methods and not utilizing innovative teaching methods appropriate to the content, the new goals of the physics curriculum will not be achieved. Physics, by providing the ability to understand the relationship between observed phenomena and the concepts and laws governing the natural world, expands the mind in such a way that prepares individuals well for participation in society and solving future problems and crises through scientific methods and precise planning. The use of active teaching methods, especially a context-based approach, plays a fundamental role in understanding physics concepts. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of context-based physics education on the learning, self-regulated skill and effectiveness of students in the virtual learning environment.
Methods: The present research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test - post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all 8th-grade students of the first secondary school of the Enghelab school in district 2 of Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021. Using the available sampling method, 60 female 8th-grade secondary school students were selected from the Enghelab public school. These individuals were randomly divided into two groups of 30 students, an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a 90-minute Curriculum-Based Instruction intervention for eight sessions while the control group received traditional instruction. The subject of the research was static electricity. To collect the data, the standard self-regulation questionnaire by Bouffard et al. (1995) and the standard self-efficacy questionnaire by Sherer et al. (1998) were used. In this research, researcher-made questions were used to assess learning. The test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instruments. Both groups were evaluated before and after the intervention in the virtual space using the researcher-made learning questionnaire, the Bouchard self-regulation questionnaire, and the Sherer self-efficacy questionnaire. The results of both groups were examined and compared using analysis of covariance, standard deviation, and regression.
Findings: The results of the analysis of covariance test showed that the difference between the post-test of the two groups in the variable of self-efficacy (P=0.001, F=72.86) and self-regulated learning (P=0.001, F=80.90) was significant at the level of.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the scores of self-regulated learning and self-efficacy between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The results also showed that the adjusted mean of the physics scores of the experimental group is higher than the control group, so the physics education with the context-based approach has an effect on increasing the learning of students in the first year of high school.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, despite the educational limitations in the virtual space, it can be concluded that the use of a context-based approach in teaching physics has a positive impact on the self-efficacy, self-regulation, and learning of middle school students. This method, by creating diverse learning opportunities, leads to increased knowledge and a broader understanding of the topics in electricity physics. Since physics covers a wide range of subjects that prepare individuals for participation in society and solving future problems and crises, the use of active and context-based methods in physics classes can create an effective and practical educational system. It is suggested that to achieve a dynamic and creative educational system, active and context-based methods should be used. This will lead to the creation of intellectual transformation and fundamental changes in the structure, methods, patterns, ideas, and attitudes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • context-based approach
  • self-regulation
  • self-efficacy
  • static electricity topic

COPYRIGHTS 
© 2024 The Author(s).  This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)  

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نامه به سردبیر

سر دبیر نشریه فناوری آموزش، با تواضع انتشار نامه های واصله از نویسندگان و خوانندگان و بحث در سامانه نشریه را ظرف 3 ماه از تاریخ انتشار آنلاین مقاله در سامانه و یا قبل از انتشار چاپی نشریه، به منظور اصلاح و نظردهی امکان پذیر نموده است.، البته این شامل نقد در مورد تحقیقات اصلی مقاله نمی باشد.

توچه به موارد ذیل پیش از ارسال نامه به سردبیر لازم است در نظر گرفته شود:


[1]نامه هایی که شامل گزارش از آمار، واقعیت ها، تحقیقات یا نظریه ها هستند، لازم است همراه با منابع معتبر و مناسب باشند، اگرچه ارسال بیش از زمان 3 نامه توصیه نمی گردد

[2] نامه هایی که بجای انتقاد سازنده به ایده های تحقیق، مشتمل بر حملات شخصی به نویسنده باشند، توجه و چاپ نمی شود

[3] نامه ها نباید بیش از 300 کلمه باشد

[4] نویسندگان نامه لازم است در ابتدای نامه تمایل یا عدم تمایل خود را نسبت به چاپ نظریه ارسالی نسبت به یک مقاله خاص اعلام نمایند

[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 فروردین 1403
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