نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای شیوع ویروس کووید- 19 در آموزش عالی از دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه تبریز

روحی, مهدیه; محمودی, فیروز; تقی پور, کیومرث

doi:10.22061/tej.2022.8548.2685

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22061/tej.2022.8548.2685

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای شیوع ویروس کووید- 19 در آموزش عالی از دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی بود.
روش‌ها‌: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف جزو پژوهشهای کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کلیه دانشجویان رشتههای علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه تبریز و براساس آمار دریافتی از دانشگاه به تعداد 882 نفر بودند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه آماری از جدول کرجسی و مورگان استفاده شد که بر مبنای آن برای جامعهای با 882 نفر، تعداد 268 نفر نمونه انتخاب شد. بعد از تعیین حجم نمونه از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس برای تکمیل پرسش‌نامهها استفاده شد. برای به‌دست آوردن دادهها از پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته 79 گویهای استفاده شد. برای این منظور، بعد از مطالعه منابع و پیشینه مرتبط با موضوع و مصاحبه با چند نفر از اساتید و دانشجویان، گویهها استخراج شد و در چهار بخش قوتها (S)، ضعفها (W)، فرصتها (O) و تهدید (T) تنظیم شد. روایی محتوایی و صوری پرسش‌نامه براساس نظر خبرگان، به ویژه استاد راهنما و مشاور مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی پرسش‌نامه نیز از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. میزان پایایی هر چهارمؤلفه قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید بیشتر از 9/0 است که میزان پایایی در حد عالی است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، از روش پیشنهادی حسین، ادنان و حاسین (2014) و SWOT استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در نقاط قوت، گویه آگاهی‌بخشی به مؤسسات آموزش عالی در راستای کمبودهای زیرساختی مجازی با درصد وزن نرمال شده 83/6 در رتبه اول؛ گویه انعطاف‌پذیری در مکان آموزش با درصد وزن نرمال شده 68/6 در رتبه دوم؛ گویه تسهیل دسترسی به مطالب با درصد وزن نرمال شده 58/6 در رتبه سوم؛ در نقاط ضعف گویه عدم امکان دسترسی دانشجویان به امکانات فیزیکی دانشگاه با درصد وزن نرمال شده 35/5 رتبه یکم، گویه عدم کسب تجربههای جدیدتر و متفاوت که تنها با حضور در دانشگاهها صورت میپذیرد با درصد وزن نرمال شده 29/5 رتبه دوم، گویه کاهش شدید روابط عاطفی در بین دانشجویان و اساتید بادرصد وزن نرمال شده 92/4 رتبه سوم؛ در فرصتها، گویه امکان تحصیل برای شاغلین با درصد وزن نرمال شده 71/5 در رتبه اول؛ گویه فرصت‌های جهانی یادگیری برای نسل جدید با درصد وزن نرمال شده 23/5 در رتبه دوم؛ گویه ایجاد سیستم‌های آموزش الکترونیکی یکپارچه در قالب محیط‌های یادگیری مجازی با درصد وزن نرمال شده 21/5 در رتبه سوم و در تهدیدها، گویه آسیب‌های جسمانی (آسیب چشمی، کمردرد) با درصد وزن نرمال شده 42/5 در رتبه اول؛ گویه کاهش رابطه بین استاد و دانشجو با درصد وزن نرمال شده 26/5 در رتبه دوم؛ گویه کاهش تعامل دانشجو با دانشجو با درصد وزن نرمال شده 21/5 در رتبه سوم قرار دارند، در آخر به بررسی عوامل داخلی (قوت و ضعف) و خارجی (فرصت و تهدید) پرداخته شده و راهبردهای مربوط با قوت- فرصت (SO)، قوت- تهدید (ST)، ضعف- فرصت (WO) و ضعف- تهدید (WT) ارائه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، باید نسبت به استفاده بهینه از فرصتهای فراهم شده برای آموزش مجازی اقدام کرد و به توسعه زیرساختهای آموزش مجازی و گسترش محیط یادگیری تعاملی پرداخت تا با بهرهگیری از نقاط قوت و فرصتهای ایجاد شده، آموزش در مسیر رو به رشد و مطلوبی قدم بردارد. در این راستا میتوان با گروهبندی دانشجویان با رعایت پروتکلهای بهداشتی، بهره‌گیری از ارزشیابیهای پروژهمحور و همچنین جذب منابع مالی برای تقویت زیرساختها نقاط ضعف و تهدیدها را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20080441.1401.16.4.4.2

موضوعات

آموزش الکترونیکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Strengths, weaknesseses, opportunities and threats of the Covid-19 outbreak in higher education from the perspective of students of the faculty of educational sciences and psychology in university of Tabriz

نویسندگان [English]

M. Ruhi
F. Mahmoodi
K. Taghpour

Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was surevying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Corona virus outbreak in higher education from the perspective of students of the faculty of educational sciences and psychology.
Methods: The present study was an applied one in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature of the research. The statistical population of the present study consisted of students of educational sciences and psychology of university of Tabriz; according to the statistics received from the university, therer were 882 students. The Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine the statistical sample size, based on which 268 participants were included in the sample using the available sampling method. A 79-item researcher-made questionnaire was given to the participants to gather the required data. To this end, after studying the relevant sources and background and interviewing several professors and students, the questionnaire items were extracted and divided into four sections: strengths (S), weaknesses (W), and opportunities (O) and threats (T). The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed drawing on the experts’ opinions, especially the supervisors and advisors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of each of the four components of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was higher than 0.9, which was considered as an excellent level of reliability. To analyze the data, the proposed SWOT methods of Hossein, Adnan and Hossein (2014) were used.
Findings: The results showed that considering the strengths, the item of informing higher education institutions of their virtual infrastructure deficiencies was ranked as the first with a percentage of normalized weight of 6.83; flexibility in training places with normalized weight percentage of 6.68 was put in the second place; the item related to facilitating access to the content with a percentage of normalized weight of 6.58 was in the third place. Considering the weaknesses, the impossibility of students’ access to the physical facilities of the university with a percentage of normalized weight of 5.35 was ranked as the first; the item of not being able to gain newer and different experiences that can only be acquired by attending universities was the second one with a normalized weight percentage of 5.29. third rank; moreover, lack of affective bonds among between the students and the instructirs was considered as the third item with a normalized weight percentage of 4.92. As regards the opportunities, the possibility of education for employees with a percentage of normalized weight of 5.71 was put in the first place; global learning opportunities for the new generation with a normalized weight percentage of 5.23 was ranked as the second item; the item related to creating integrated e-learning systems in the form of virtual learning environments with a percentage of normalized weight of 5.21 in was considered as the third item. With regard to the threats, the item of physical injuries (eye injury, backache, etc.) with a normalized weight percentage of 5.42 was ranked as the first one; The item related to the decrease of the relationship between the instructors and the students was the second one with a percentage of normalized weight of 5.26; and the item related to a decrease in the student-student interaction with a percentage of normalized weight of 5.21 was ranked as the third one. Finally, internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors were examined and strategies related to strengths-opportunities (SO), strengths-threats (ST), weaknesses-opportunities (WO) and weaknesses-threats (WT) were presented.
Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to make the best use of the opportunities provided for e-learning and to develop e-learning infrastructure and expand the interactive learning environments to take advantage of the strengths and opportunities, in order to move education towards a growing and desired direction. In this regard, weaknesses and threats can be reduced by grouping students in accordance with the health protocols, utilizing project-based evaluations, as well as attracting financial resources to strengthen the required infrastructure.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
covid-19

COPYRIGHTS
©2022 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

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نامه به سردبیر

سر دبیر نشریه فناوری آموزش، با تواضع انتشار نامه های واصله از نویسندگان و خوانندگان و بحث در سامانه نشریه را ظرف 3 ماه از تاریخ انتشار آنلاین مقاله در سامانه و یا قبل از انتشار چاپی نشریه، به منظور اصلاح و نظردهی امکان پذیر نموده است.، البته این شامل نقد در مورد تحقیقات اصلی مقاله نمی باشد.

توچه به موارد ذیل پیش از ارسال نامه به سردبیر لازم است در نظر گرفته شود:

[1]نامه هایی که شامل گزارش از آمار، واقعیت ها، تحقیقات یا نظریه ها هستند، لازم است همراه با منابع معتبر و مناسب باشند، اگرچه ارسال بیش از زمان 3 نامه توصیه نمی گردد

[2] نامه هایی که بجای انتقاد سازنده به ایده های تحقیق، مشتمل بر حملات شخصی به نویسنده باشند، توجه و چاپ نمی شود

[3] نامه ها نباید بیش از 300 کلمه باشد

[4] نویسندگان نامه لازم است در ابتدای نامه تمایل یا عدم تمایل خود را نسبت به چاپ نظریه ارسالی نسبت به یک مقاله خاص اعلام نمایند

[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.