خود تنظیمی و مشارکت چقدر نتایج یادگیری را پیش‌بینی می‌کنند؟ بررسی کلاس‌های آنلاین انگلیسی در یک دانشگاه ایرانی

نجاتی, رضا

doi:10.22061/tej.2023.10069.2936

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی-شماره انگلیسی

نویسنده

رضا نجاتی

خود تنظیمی و مشارکت چقدر نتایج یادگیری را پیش‌بینی می‌کنند؟ بررسی کلاس‌های آنلاین انگلیسی در یک دانشگاه ایرانی

https://doi.org/10.22061/tej.2023.10069.2936

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: شناخت الزامات منحصر به فرد آموزش برخط به دلیل گستردگی آن بسیار ضروری است. خودتنظیمی در یادگیری برای این رویکرد آموزشی ضروری است، زیرا دانش آموزان و معلمان از نظر فیزیکی از هم جدا هستند. افراد برای مدیریت موثر زمان خود، ایجاد اهداف و حفظ انگیزه، باید راهبردهای عملی اتخاذ کنند. مشارکت فعال در فرآیند یادگیری نیز مهم است و دانشجویان را ملزم به مشارکت فعال، مشارکت و تعامل با مربیان و همسالان می کند. ارزیابی خودتنظیمی و مشارکت دانشجویان می‌تواند به مدیران و استادان کمک کند تا بر روند آموزشی نظارت کنند و در مواقعی که مشارکت دانشجویان کم است، اقدامات لازم را انجام دهند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر مشارکت و خودتنظیمی یادگیری بر نتایج یادگیری درک مطلب دانشجویان ایرانی در کلاس‌های برخط انجام شده است.
روش‌ها‌: این پژوهش با استفاده از دو پرسشنامه و یک آزمون‌ انجام شد. از پرسشنامه خودتنظیمی یادگیری، مقیاس مشارکت دانشجویی برخط و بخش خواندن آزمون زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی استفاده شد. پرسشنامه خودتنظیمی دارای سه سازه با 30 گویه و پرسشنامه مشارکت چهار سازه با 19 گویه بود. این مقیاس ها به فارسی ترجمه و برای 345 دانشجو ارسال شد. از 287 پرسشنامه برگشتی، 21 پرسشنامه به دلیل بی دقتی پاسخ دهندگان حذف شدند. 266 پاسخ باقیمانده، همراه با نمره آزمون آزمون آنها، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. آزمون درک مطلب و پرسشنامه ها از طریق سامانه آموزش مجازی دانشگاه در پاییز 1401 اجرا شد.
یافته‌ها: برای ارزیابی پایایی، ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ برای سه متغیر کلیدی مشارکت فعال، خودتنظیمی یادگیری و خواندن و درک مطلب محاسبه شد. ضرایب به دست آمده به ترتیب 89/0، 94/0 و 86/0 بود. این مقادیر نشان می‌دهد که ابزار اندازه‌گیری مورد استفاده برای ارزیابی این سازه‌ها قابل اعتماد هستند. روایی سازه نیز از طریق مقادیر ریشه میانگین مربعات خطای تقریب (RMSEA) برای متغیرها بررسی شد. مقادیر RMSEA گزارش شده به ترتیب 0.08، 0.07 و 0.01 بود. این مقادیر در محدوده قابل قبولی قرار می‌گیرند که نشان می‌دهد مدل‌های اندازه‌گیری به اندازه کافی با داده‌های مشاهده‌شده تناسب دارند . هر سه متغیر (مشارکت فعال، خودتنظیمی و خواندن) مقادیر t آماری معنی‌داری را نشان دادند که بر توانی های فراگیران دلالت می کند. رابطه مثبت معناداری بین مشارکت نظارتی و درک مطلب مشاهده شد. این یافته نشان می‌دهد که سطوح بالاتر مشارکت نظارتی با مهارت‌های درک مطلب بهتر در بین دانش‌آموزان مرتبط است. علاوه بر این، تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که سازه های «عملکرد» و «تعامل دانشجو-دانشجو» با درک مطلب ارتباط قوی و مثبتی دارند. ضرایب بتا برای این متغیرها به ترتیب 0.25 و 0.21 بود. این نشان می‌دهد که بهبود عملکرد و افزایش تعاملات دانشجویان با افزایش توانایی‌های درک مطلب مرتبط است.
نتیجه‌گیری: رابطه بین مشارکت نظارتی و درک مطلب، پیام مهمی برای استادان و مدیران دارد. درک این ارتباط به منظور طراحی برنامه های مؤثر و رویکردهای آموزشی برای افزایش توانایی‌های مشارکت نظارتی دانشجویان ضروری است. با این حال، باید اذعان کنیم که مطالعه انجام شده دارای محدودیت‌های خاصی بود که دامنه آن را محدود می‌کرد و از بررسی کامل همه عوامل مؤثر بر مهارت‌های درک مطلب جلوگیری می‌کرد. برای به دست آوردن درک جامع تر از موضوع، تحقیقات آینده باید متغیرهای اضافی فراتر از مشارکت نظارتی را بررسی کند. برای مثال، در نظر گرفتن تأثیر پیشینه فرهنگی بر درک مطلب می‌تواند بینش‌های ارزشمندی در مورد توانایی خواندن زبان‌آموزان ارائه دهد. به همین ترتیب، بررسی روش‌های تدریس مختلف می‌تواند اثربخشی رویکردهای آموزشی خاص در تقویت مهارت درک مطلب را روشن کند. علاوه بر این، عوامل شناختی فردی مانند حافظه فعال و کنترل توجه نقش مهمی در درک مطلب دارند و بررسی آنها می‌تواند به شناسایی راهبردهایی برای حمایت از دانشجویان کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

آموزش الکترونیکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

How Well do Self-Regulation and Engagement Predict Learning outcomes? Exploring Online English Classes in an Iranian University

نویسنده [English]

R. Nejati

English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Recognizing the unique requirements of online education is crucial due to its wide spread use. Self-regulation in learning seems essential for this instructional approach, as students and instructors are physically separated. To effectively manage their time, establish goals, and sustain motivation, individuals must adopt practical strategies. Active engagement in the learning process is also vital, requiring students to actively participate, contribute, and engage with instructors and peers. Assessing students' self-regulation and engagement can help educational managers and professors supervise the educational process and implement necessary measures when student participation is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate how self-regulated learning and engagement contribute to outcomes of leaning as measured in terms of reading comprehension skills of Iranian students in online classrooms.
Materials and Methods: The study investigated research questions using two questionnaires and a test, namely, the Online self-regulation questionnaire (OSQ), the Online Student Engagement Scale (OSE), and the reading part of the Test of English as a Foreign Language. The self-regulation questionnaire had three constructs with 10 items each, while the engagement questionnaire had four constructs with 19 items. These scales were translated into Persian and sent to 345 students. Out of the 287 returned questionnaires, 21 were excluded due to inattention. The remaining 266 responses, along with their test scores, were analyzed statistically. Both the questionnaires and the language test were administered via the LMS in 2022.
Findings: The data underwent a rigorous process of statistical analyses to evaluate reliability, construct validity, and the relationships between variables. These analyses aimed to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the findings. To assess reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficients were calculated for three key variables: Engagement, Self-regulation, and Reading. The obtained coefficients were .89, .94, and .86, respectively. These values indicate high levels of internal consistency within each variable, suggesting that the measurement instruments used to assess these constructs were reliable. Construct validity was also examined through Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) values for Engagement, Self-regulation, and Reading. The reported RMSEA values were .08, .07, and .01, respectively. These values fall within an acceptable range, indicating that the measurement models adequately fit the observed data and supported the construct validity of the variables. All three variables (Engagement, Self-regulation, and Reading) exhibited statistically significant t-values, providing strong evidence that students' engagement, self-regulation, and reading ability were deemed satisfactory based on the collected data. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between regulatory engagement and reading comprehension. This finding suggests that higher levels of regulatory engagement are associated with better reading comprehension skills among students. Additionally, a regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between specific factors and reading comprehension. The results indicated that both 'performance' and 'student-student interactions' had strong and positive associations with reading comprehension. The beta coefficients for these variables were 0.25 and 0.21, respectively. This implies that improvements in performance and increased student-student interactions are related to enhanced reading comprehension abilities.
Conclusions: The relationship between regulatory engagement and reading comprehension holds significant implications for educators and policymakers. Understanding this connection is essential to develop effective interventions and instructional approaches aimed at enhancing students' regulatory engagement abilities, ultimately leading to improved reading comprehension outcomes. However, it is important to acknowledge that the study conducted had certain limitations that restricted its scope and prevented a thorough examination of all potential factors influencing reading comprehension skills. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic, future research should explore additional variables beyond regulatory engagement. For instance, considering the influence of cultural background on reading comprehension can provide valuable insights into how diverse learners may approach and interpret texts differently. Similarly, investigating various teaching methods employed in different educational settings can shed light on the effectiveness of specific instructional approaches in promoting reading comprehension. Furthermore, individual cognitive factors such as working memory and attentional control warrant attention in future studies. These cognitive processes play integral roles in reading comprehension, and exploring their impact can help identify strategies to support students with specific cognitive profiles or challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Self-Regulatory Learning
Engagement
Online Education
Achievement
Regulatory Engagement

COPYRIGHTS
© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2012.750225 .

نامه به سردبیر

سر دبیر نشریه فناوری آموزش، با تواضع انتشار نامه های واصله از نویسندگان و خوانندگان و بحث در سامانه نشریه را ظرف 3 ماه از تاریخ انتشار آنلاین مقاله در سامانه و یا قبل از انتشار چاپی نشریه، به منظور اصلاح و نظردهی امکان پذیر نموده است.، البته این شامل نقد در مورد تحقیقات اصلی مقاله نمی باشد.

توچه به موارد ذیل پیش از ارسال نامه به سردبیر لازم است در نظر گرفته شود:

[1]نامه هایی که شامل گزارش از آمار، واقعیت ها، تحقیقات یا نظریه ها هستند، لازم است همراه با منابع معتبر و مناسب باشند، اگرچه ارسال بیش از زمان 3 نامه توصیه نمی گردد

[2] نامه هایی که بجای انتقاد سازنده به ایده های تحقیق، مشتمل بر حملات شخصی به نویسنده باشند، توجه و چاپ نمی شود

[3] نامه ها نباید بیش از 300 کلمه باشد

[4] نویسندگان نامه لازم است در ابتدای نامه تمایل یا عدم تمایل خود را نسبت به چاپ نظریه ارسالی نسبت به یک مقاله خاص اعلام نمایند

[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.