فراترکیب چارچوب جامع عوامل مؤثر بر قابلیت استفاده سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری

عبدلی, سمانه; نیلی احمدآبادی, محمدرضا; فردانش, هاشم; عسگری, محمد

doi:10.22061/tej.2023.9452.2848

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

² گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22061/tej.2023.9452.2848

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری یکی از مهم‌ترین بسترهای آموزش مجازی هستند و قابلیت استفاده، مهم‌ترین ویژگی تعیین‌کننده کیفیت آن‌هاست. در تحقیقات انجام‌شده، عوامل مختلفی به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر قابلیت استفاده سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری مطرح شده است؛ اما وجود کاستی‌ها در زمینه قابلیت استفاده این سیستم‌ها و تعیین عوامل اثرگذار بر آن به‌صورت یک نقشه راهنمای جامع و کاربردی که براساس آن بتوان قابلیت استفاده سیستم مدیریت یادگیری را ارزیابی کرده و بهبود بخشید، چالش مؤسسات آموزشی مختلف در آموزش مجازی است. بنابراین، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، استخراج مهم‌ترین عوامل اثرگذار بر قابلیت استفاده و سپس ارائه این عوامل در قالب یک چارچوب جامع و کاربردی است.
روش‌ها‌: در پژوهش حاضر از روش کیفی و رویکرد فراترکیب استفاده شد. براساس مراحل رویکرد فراترکیب، بعد از بیان سؤال و اهداف تحقیق، از روش مرور نظام‌مند تحقیقات برای جستجوی گزارش‌های تحقیقاتی در حوزه قابلیت استفاده سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری که جامعه آماری این پژوهش بودند، استفاده کردیم و نمونه یعنی اسناد موجود در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Scopus و Web of Science، از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. سپس، کیفیت منابع تحقیقاتی از طریق ارزیابی منفرد و ارزیابی تطبیقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌های حاصل از تحقیقات طبقه‌بندی شدند؛ این یافته‌ها با رویکرد تحلیل طبقه‌بندی ترکیب شدند و در نهایت برای بررسی اعتبار یافته‌ها از روش‌های مسیر حسابرسی، اعتبار توافقی و بررسی متخصصان هم‌تا استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از این پژوهش، شامل عوامل قابلیت استفاده‌ سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری و ارائه‌ این عوامل در قالب یک چارچوب است. در این چارچوب، عوامل براساس متولیان هر عامل، دسته‌بندی شد. عوامل شامل پیمایش، طراحی بصری، قابلیت یادگیری و قابلیت به‌یادسپاری، کارایی، قابلیت دسترسی، رفع خطاها، حریم خصوصی و امنیت، سهولت استفاده‌، مسائل اخلاقی و انطباق در حوزه‌ وظایف متخصصان فناوری اطلاعات و عوامل محتوا، دانش مدرس و جهت‌گیری یادگیری در حوزه‌ وظایف مدرسان/طراحان آموزشی می‌شود. عواملی که هم متخصصان فناوری اطلاعات و هم مدرسان/طراحان آموزشی متولی آن هستند، عبارتند از تعامل، سنجش و بازخورد، کمک و مستندسازی، سودمندی و رضایت و لذت.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج این پژوهش، با در نظر گرفتن عوامل قابلیت استفاده در طراحی و ارزیابی سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری، می‌توان کارایی و اثربخشی این بسترها در آموزش مجازی و در نهایت میزان رضایت یادگیرندگان را افزایش داد. نتایج این پژوهش، ضمن غنی کردن ادبیات تحقیق در حوزه‌ قابلیت استفاده‌ سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری، کمک می‌کند این سیستم‌ها به‌طور کارآمد، اثربخش و رضایت‌بخش مورد استفاده‌ یادگیرندگان و مدرسان قرار گیرند. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین به توسعه‌دهندگان سیستم، طراحان آموزشی و ارزیابان کمک می‌کند که با طراحی و ارزیابی سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری براساس چارچوب ارائه شده در این تحقیق، رویکرد مؤثرتری را برای بهبود قابلیت استفاده‌ سیستم اتخاذ کنند. زمان‌بر بودن تست قابلیت استفاده‌ سیستم‌های مدیریت یادگیری مورد استفاده در دانشگاه‌های کشور ایران براساس چارچوب پیشنهادی، یکی از محدودیت‌های پژوهش حاضر بود که محققان دیگر در پژوهش‌های آینده می‌توانند بر انجام این تست متمرکز شوند. همچنین پیشنهاد می‌شود تحقیقات آینده علاوه بر پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Scopus و Web of Science که در این تحقیق به‌عنوان منابع گزارش‌های تحقیقاتی انتخاب شده‌ است، منابع موجود در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی دیگر مانند ERIC و Google Scholar را نیز در نظر بگیرند. افزایش تعداد بررسی‌کنندگان مقالات در بخش مرور نظام‌مند تحقیقات و افزایش تعداد ارزیابان منابع تحقیقاتی در مرحله‌ ارزیابی کیفیت منابع و اعتباریابی یافته‌ها در تحقیقات آینده نیز تعمیم نتایج را قابل‌اعتمادتر می‌کند. در نهایت، استفاده از روش‌های‌ تحقیق کمّی و نیز ارزیابی اکتشافی عوامل قابلیت استفاده، می‌تواند مکمل این پژوهش کیفی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20080441.1402.17.4.11.6

موضوعات

یادگیری الکترونیکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-synthesis of a comprehensive framework of factors affecting the usability of learning management systems

نویسندگان [English]

S. Abdoli ¹
M. Nili Ahmadabadi ¹
H. Fardanesh ²
M. Asgari ³

¹ Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of humanity sciences, Tarbiyat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Educational Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, , Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives:. Learning management systems are one of the most important platforms for virtual education, and usability is the most important feature that determines their quality. In the conducted research, various factors have been proposed as factors affecting the usability of learning management systems, but shortcomings in the field of usability of these systems and determining the factors affecting it in a comprehensive and practical guide map, based on which usability of learning management system can be evaluated and improved, is the challenge of various educational institutions in virtual education. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to extract the most important factors affecting usability and then present these factors in a comprehensive and practical framework.

Methods: In this research, the qualitative method and meta-synthesis approach were used. Based on the stages of the meta-synthesis approach, after stating the research questions and purposes, the systematic review method was used to search for research reports in the field of usability of learning management systems, which were the statistical population of this research, and the sample - the documents available in Scopus and Web of Science databases - was selected through purposive sampling. Then, the quality of research resources was examined through individual appraisal and comparative appraisal; the findings from the research were classified, these findings were synthesized by the taxonomic analysis approach, and finally, to examine the validity of the findings, the audit trail, consensual validity, and expert peer review methods were used.

Findings: The findings of this research included the usability factors of learning management systems and the presentation of these factors in a framework. In this framework, factors were categorized based on the responsible of each factor. Factors included navigation, visual design, learnability and memorability, efficiency, accessibility, errors correction, privacy and security, ease of use, ethical issues and compliance in the tasks of IT specialists and content, Instructor’s knowledge, and learning orientation in the task Instructors/instructional designers. Factors that both IT specialists and instructors/instructional designers were in charge of encompassed interactivity/interaction, assessment and feedback, help and documentation, usefulness, and satisfaction and enjoyment.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, by considering usability factors in designing and evaluation of learning management systems, it is possible to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of these platforms in virtual education and ultimately the level of learners' satisfaction. The results of this research, while enriching the research literature in the field of usability of learning management systems, help these systems to be used efficiently, effectively and satisfactorily by learners and teachers. The results also help system developers, instructional designers, and evaluators to adopt a more effective approach to improving system usability by designing and evaluating learning management systems based on the framework presented in this research. The time-consuming nature of testing the usability of learning management systems used in Iranian universities based on the proposed framework was one of the limitations of this research, and other researchers can focus on doing this test in future research. It is also suggested that future research, in addition to the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which have been selected as the sources for research reports, consider the resources available in other databases, such as ERIC and Google Scholar. In addition, increasing the number of reviewers of research in the systematic review and the number of evaluators in the phase of evaluating the quality of resources and validating findings make the results more generalizable. Finally, applying quantitative research methods as well as heuristic evaluation of usability factors can complement this qualitative research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

E-Learning
Learning Management System
Usability
Meta-synthesis

COPYRIGHTS
©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

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نامه به سردبیر

سر دبیر نشریه فناوری آموزش، با تواضع انتشار نامه های واصله از نویسندگان و خوانندگان و بحث در سامانه نشریه را ظرف 3 ماه از تاریخ انتشار آنلاین مقاله در سامانه و یا قبل از انتشار چاپی نشریه، به منظور اصلاح و نظردهی امکان پذیر نموده است.، البته این شامل نقد در مورد تحقیقات اصلی مقاله نمی باشد.

توچه به موارد ذیل پیش از ارسال نامه به سردبیر لازم است در نظر گرفته شود:

[1]نامه هایی که شامل گزارش از آمار، واقعیت ها، تحقیقات یا نظریه ها هستند، لازم است همراه با منابع معتبر و مناسب باشند، اگرچه ارسال بیش از زمان 3 نامه توصیه نمی گردد

[2] نامه هایی که بجای انتقاد سازنده به ایده های تحقیق، مشتمل بر حملات شخصی به نویسنده باشند، توجه و چاپ نمی شود

[3] نامه ها نباید بیش از 300 کلمه باشد

[4] نویسندگان نامه لازم است در ابتدای نامه تمایل یا عدم تمایل خود را نسبت به چاپ نظریه ارسالی نسبت به یک مقاله خاص اعلام نمایند

[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.