فناوری آموزش

فصلنامه علمی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

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نمایه نویسندگان

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درباره نشریه

حقوق مولف

اهداف و چشم انداز

همکاران دفتر نشریه

پیوندهای مفید

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راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم ها

خط مشی داوری

داوران

عضویت و راهنمای پابلونز

کیفیت‌سنجی آموزش مجازی در دوره همه‌گیری کرونا از منظر استادان و دانشجویان دانشگاه فرهنگیان استان مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: تأکید بر آموزش مجازی در آموزش عالی پدیده­ای نوظهور نیست و همواره به‌عنوان یک محیط آموزش کمکی در کنار آموزش مجازی مطرح بوده ­است؛ اما با وقوع ناگهانی همه ­گیری کرونا، نظام آموزش عالی غافل­گیرانه به آن پناه برد. اگرچه پیش از این نیز کیفیت این محیط آموزشی پیوسته مورد سنجش قرار گرفته ­است ولی سؤال اصلی این است که آیا آن­چه در پیش از دوران کرونا در خصوص کیفیت آموزش مجازی و قابلیت­های آن گفته شد در این دوران که تنها محیط آموزش و یادگیری بوده ­است نیز صادق است. از این رو، هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی کیفیت آموزش مجازی ارائه­شده در دانشگاه فرهنگیان در دوران همه ­گیری کرونا با تأکید بر سنجش نگرش استادان و دانشجویان رشته ­های مختلف تحصیلی بود.
روش‌ها‌: در این تحقیق، از روش آمیخته کمّی-کیفی ترتیبی استفاده شد. به ­منظور گردآوری داده­های کمّی، دو پرسش‌نامه جداگانه برای استادان و دانشجویان استفاده شد که به ترتیب حاوی 15 و 19 سؤال بود که نگرش آنان را براساس یک مقیاس لیکرت پنج ­گزینه­ای اندازه ­می گرفت.  نسخه اصلی پرسش‌نامه ویژه استادان توسط دیلون و مک­لین [39] ساخته شده است و پرسش‌نامه وطن­پرست و همکاران [40] نیز برای دانشجویان استفاده شد. در این تحقیق جامعه آماری مشتمل بر713 دانشجو و 89 استاد شاغل در دانشگاه فرهنگیان استان مرکزی بود. شرکت­کنندگان این پژوهش با روش نمونه­ گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. این پرسش‌نامه ها در میان 317 دانشجو و 36 استاد از گروه­ های آموزشی آموزش ابتدایی، مشاوره، آموزش کودکان استثنایی، تربیت بدنی، آموزش زبان انگلیسی و ادبیات فارسی، الهیات و فناوری اطلاعات توزیع شدند. پس از گردآوری داده ­ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک ­طرفه برای تحلیل داده­ها استفاده شد. علاوه بر این، برای گردآوری داده ­های کیفی، پرسش­های مصاحبه بر مبنای نتایج تحلیل داده ­های کمّی طراحی شد و سپس مصاحبه با 22 تن (14 خانم و 8 آقا) از دانشجویان و 12 تن (6 آقا و 6 خانم) از استادان داوطلب در شرکت در مصاحبه از گروه ­های آموزشی فوق­الذکر انجام شد. پس از ضبط جلسات مصاحبه و پیاده ­سازی آن، مرحله کدگذاری و دسته­بندی آن­ها انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از این بود که استادان رشته­ های مختلف آموزشی از نگرش مثبت و رضایت بالایی از آموزش مجازی در این دوران برخوردار بودند و تفاوتی بین استادان گروه­ های آموزشی مختلف از این نظر وجود نداشت. درحالی­که، نتایج گویای این واقعیت بود که دانشجویان عموماً از نگرشی منفی و رضایت اندک نسبت به آموزش مجازی برخوردار بودند و تفاوت معناداری بین نگرش آنان با توجه به رشته تحصیلی­شان وجود داشت. برای کشف علل تأثیرگذار بر بروز این نتایج، محققان تصمیم به انجام مصاحبه نیمه ­ساختاریافته گرفتند. پس از تحلیل محتوای داده ­های کیفی حاصل از مصاحبه با استادان و دانشجویان با اتکا بر روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی هدایت­شده، مشخص شد که عوامل مربوط به محیط آموزش مجازی و چندرسانه­ای و نیز یادگیری مشارکتی در شکل­ گیری نگرش استادان و دانشجویان مهم است. به ­همین­ ترتیب، علاوه بر این عوامل، عامل سوم که مربوط به یادگیری مستقل است در شکل­گ یری نگرش و میزان رضایت­مندی آنان از آموزش نقش ایفا می ­کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: این تحقیق نشان داد که استادان و دانشجویان تا چه اندازه می­ توانند نظرات متفاوتی داشته ­باشند. در حالی­که استادان شرکت ­کننده در این تحقیق نگرش مثبت نسبت به آموزش مجازی در دانشگاه فرهنگیان داشتند، دانشجویان در مجموع نگرشی منفی به آن در دوره همه ­گیری کرونا  نشان دادند. بر اساس یافته­های این پژوهش از داده ­های کیفی، ابزارهای آموزش چندرسانه­ای و استفاده ناکافی از آموزش گروهی و مشارکتی از نقاط ضعف و علل اصلی نگرش منفی و نارضایتی نسبی دانشجویان بوده است و نیز طراحی محتوا و مطالب درسی و عدم تشویق دانشجویان بر یادگیری مستقل نیز از دیگر علل این نارضایتی بود. بنا بر نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد می­شود که برای اجرای بهینه آموزش مجازی استادان علاوه بر دانش و مهارت، باید از نگرش مثبتی برخوردار باشند و با قاطعیت این نگرش را به دانشجویان منتقل کنند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Quality of Virtual Learning at Farhangian Teacher Education University of Markazi Province during the Corona Epidemic from the Trainees and Trainers' Perspectives

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Maghsoudi 1
  • F. Safaee 1
  • A. Hashemi 2

1 English Language Department, Faculty of English Language Department, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 English Language Department, MA student, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Relying on e-learning in higher education is not a newly emerging phenomenon and has always been considered as a supplementary learning environment. But with the sudden outbreak of the Corona epidemic, the higher education system was shocked. Although the quality of this learning environment has been continuously assessed before, the main question is whether what was said before the Corona epidemic about the quality of e-learning and its capabilities is true in this era in which it is the only teaching and learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of virtual education provided at Farhangian University during the Corona epidemic by relying on measuring the attitudes of educators and students in different fields of study.
Methods: In this research, the sequential mixed method was used. In order to collect quantitative data, two separate questionnaires were used for educators and students, which contained 15 and 19 questions, respectively, which measured their attitudes based on a Likert scale of five options. The original version of the educators' questionnaire was developed by Dillon and McLean [39] and the questionnaire developed by Patriot et al.,[40] was used for the students. In this study, the statistical population consisted of 713 students and 89 educators working in Farhangian University of Markazi Province. Participants in this study were selected through convinient sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed among 317 students and 36 educators from the departments of elementary education, counseling, special children education, physical training, English language and Persian literature, theology and information technology. After data collection, one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. In addition, to collect qualitative data, interview questions were designed based on the results of quantitative data analysis, followed by interviews with 22 students (14 women and 8 men) and 12 students (6 men and 6 women). One of the volunteer educators participated in the interview from the above-mentioned training groups. After recording the interview sessions and implementing it, they were coded and categorized.
Findings: It was shown that the educators of different educational disciplines had a positive attitude and high satisfaction with virtual education in this period and there was no difference between the educators of different educational departments in this regard. However, the results showed that students generally had a negative attitude and low satisfaction with virtual education and there was a significant difference between their attitudes according to their field of study. To find out the reasons for these findings, the researchers decided to conduct a semi-structured interview. After analyzing the content of qualitative data obtained from interviews with educators and students, relying on the method of guided qualitative content analysis, it was found that the factors related to the virtual and multimedia education environment as well as participatory learning in shaping educators' attitudes and students is important. Similarly, in addition to these factors, the third factor, which is related to independent learning, played a role in shaping their attitudes and their level of satisfaction with education.
Conclusion: This research showed how much educators and students can have different opinions. Because, while the educators participating in this study had a positive attitude and satisfaction with virtual education at Farhangian University, students generally had a negative attitude towards it during the corona epidemic. Based on the findings of this study, qualitative data, multimedia education tools and insufficient use of group and participatory education have been the main weaknesses and the main causes of negative attitudes and relative dissatisfaction of students, as well as content design and curriculum. Lack of encouragement for students to learn independently was another reason for this dissatisfaction. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to implement virtual education optimally, in addition to knowledge and skills, teachers should have a positive attitude and firmly convey this attitude to students. In addition, it is necessary to have adequate monitoring of the factors of school users (teachers), ICT, interface design (virtual education system), management, human-organizational resource support and evaluation during the course.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Virtual Learning
  • Farhangian University
  • Attitude
  • Quality

COPYRIGHTS 
©2022 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. 

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[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.

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دوره 16، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 63
تیر 1401
صفحه 525-538
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 تیر 1401
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