TVET
S. Kadkhoda; N. Nastiezaie
Abstract
Background and Objectives: After the declaration of a state of emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in late 2019, countries took measures to control the pandemic, such as full quarantine or the implementation of social distance. One of the action measures taken in the field of education by many ...
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Background and Objectives: After the declaration of a state of emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in late 2019, countries took measures to control the pandemic, such as full quarantine or the implementation of social distance. One of the action measures taken in the field of education by many countries including our country, Iran, was the closure of schools and higher education centers. As a result, the concern to develop and implement curricula for continuing education at home and under the quarantine became the biggest challenge for education systems, and the issue of e-learning became very important. Among the numerous factors that can affect virtual learning, in this study, only two factors of information literacy and the teachers’ attitudes toward virtual learning are discussed. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate teachers' information literacy and its relationship with their attitude toward e-learning.Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included 152 teachers in Nikshahr [Sistan and Baluchestan province] in the academic year 2020-2021. 109 teachers were selected through random-stratified sampling in terms of gender and teaching level and based on Cochran sampling formula. The data collection was based on questionnaires of information literacy (in the areas of ability to determine the scope and nature of information, ability to effectively access information, ability to critically evaluate information, ability to use the information purposefully and ability to understand the legal and economic aspects of using information) and attitudes toward e-learning (with components of feeling of self-sufficiency, feeling of desire, feeling useful, intention to use e-learning, feeling satisfied and the tendency to multimedia education). One-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data by using SPSS software.Findings: The results showed that that teachers' information literacy in the areas of ability to determine the scope and nature of information, ability to effectively access information, ability to critically evaluate information critically, ability to use information purposefully and ability to understand the legal and economic aspects of using information is lower than the average level; there was no significant difference in comparing the level of information literacy of teachers in terms of demographic characteristics other than gender [superiority of female teachers' information literacy]; teachers' attitudes toward e-learning and its components (feeling of self-sufficiency, feeling of desire, feeling useful, intention to use e-learning, feeling satisfied with the e-learning system and tendency to use multimedia education) were positive; There was a significant positive relationship between teachers' information literacy and their attitudes toward e-learning and information literacy had the ability to predict 73.4% of variance of attitudes toward e-learning.Conclusion: According to the low level of teachers' information literacy in the areas of ability to determine the scope and nature of information, ability to effectively access information, ability to critically evaluate information, ability to use information purposefully and ability to understand the legal and economic aspects of using information and its positive relationship with the attitude to e-learning, holding in-service training courses on information literacy based on the required standards for holding such courses is recommended. It is also recommended to policy makers and curriculum designers of the Ministry of Education to design and implement information literacy courses for teacher training courses.
TVET
Z. Montazeri; R. Aghamoosa; A. Naami; A. Fatemi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The concept of education in recent years has been the concern of all organization's officials. Everyone agrees on the necessity of designing and implementing productive and practical educational strategies. However, what is essential is developing an efficient, coherent ...
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Background and Objectives: The concept of education in recent years has been the concern of all organization's officials. Everyone agrees on the necessity of designing and implementing productive and practical educational strategies. However, what is essential is developing an efficient, coherent and integrated model and identifying the factors that are effective in the education system so that appropriate and adequate educational programs can be designed by using the results obtained. The quality of education will have a positive function only if it is regarded as a single totality whose dimensions are equally taken into consideration. The mobility category in institutes requires a long-term strategic policy to take appropriate actions to improve research, educational, and service activities. On the other hand, such mobility category seems necessary to create a dynamic platform for coordination among different parts of an institute. This study aims to design and validate a quality improvement education and job creation model at Tehran's technical and vocational institutes.Methods: Exploratory sequential mixed method of data collection is used. The statistical population includes managers and professors of technical and vocational institutes who had the required knowledge and experience in the realm of education. The sampling method was purposive design. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview in which the sampling amount was determined based on theoretical sampling and reaching the theoretical saturation. All interviews were recorded and used for coding, correction, and obtaining feedback. A total of 13 people were interviewed. Open, axial, and selective coding were used to analyze the data. First, the categories were coded after the approval of the experts in the model which, on the whole, at this stage, 230 codes were extracted from 13 interviews, reviews of the documents , effective educational experiences, and other resources. By comparison and classification of similar codes, 90 concepts were extracted and finally separated in 33 subcategories by classification of similar concepts which were classified into six general categories of causal conditions, phenomenon-oriented , contextual conditions, intervener conditions, strategies and outcomes.Findings: Based on the results obtained, this model has causal conditions (teachers' abilities, measuring and interpreting brand performance, identifying and codifying values and brand position), contextual conditions (human resources plans, the culture of value creation in the organization, brand trust and hardware and software education equipment), intervener conditions that includes macro-environmental factors (legal obligations of the institute and international validity of technical and professional qualifications), and micro-environmental factors (customers’ level, competitors’ level, and their knowledge), strategies (stable communications and relationship marketing, transformational innovation, educational planning, and functional marketing) and outcomes (value for the society, value for the organization, and value for the customer).Conclusions: This study showed that the phenomenon of design and validation of a quality improvement model of education and job creation is affected by various factors, such as brand personality and identity. To establish a value-creating and effective educational model, first, it has to pay special attention to the sign and its conceptual image and the authenticity and credibility that it creates for the institutes. It has also been crucial to specify, define and clarify the brand's visual identity and its appropriate positioning in the target groups' perception. In addition, creating a framework of community-oriented, entrepreneurial, and ethical values in such a way that can amplify public confidencemeans pursuing the public interest by being responsive and transpareny as well as serving professionally along with competence, efficiency, impartiality, equality, and justice in dealing with customers. Moreover, how the entrepreneurial function in education works is a highly significant topic. Assessment and continuous monitoring of the performance of organizations can be a powerful management tool to help the managers to achieve their general and strategic objectives. The research model was validated, and the experts evaluated the model designed to improve the quality of education and job creation in institutes as desirable. As a result, this model can be used in technical and vocational institutes.
TVET
A. Kamarei; A. Khorshidi; F. Hamidifar; A. H. Mahmoodi; M. Shariatmadari
Abstract
Background and Objective:Professional development is one of the most important issues in the field of human resources, which results in the emergence of levels of professionalism within employees. In education, studies on professional development have been done with different approaches: identifying ...
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Background and Objective:Professional development is one of the most important issues in the field of human resources, which results in the emergence of levels of professionalism within employees. In education, studies on professional development have been done with different approaches: identifying and determining the professional needs of school principals and teachers; and examining the methods through which professional development takes place is among the most frequently done ones. Considering any approach, determining and measuring the dimensions, components and elemenst that construct professional development of principals and teachers has been essential required. The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of professional development and designing a model for professional development of technical and vocational school principals. Methods: This research is applied in terms of objectives, qualitative in terms of data and emerging- data in terms of nature and type of study. The population of the present study consisted of all science and management experts at the level of staff managers in the Ministry of Education and technical and vocational colleges, from whom 30 experts were selected as the sample of the study, based on purposeful snowball sampling. The instrument used in the study was a semi-structured interview for the development of which the dimensions, components, indicators and national and international theories in the field of prrofessional development model were studied and applied. First, a significant number of national and international models, findings, studies, and theories were examined and then through open coding more indicators were counted and classified into dimensions, components, and indicators by axial coding. Finally, the categorized indicators were set in the form of a semi-structured interview and opinions of 18 experts were obtained through this form. This process was followed by selective coding through interviews, Delphi technique, and brainstorming until theoretical saturation was achieved. Findings: After the research stages and applying three coding procedures (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) 10 dimensions, 39 components, and 320 indicators for the professional development model of technical and vocational school principals were identified and finalized. Conclusion: Finally, the dimensions of school principals’ professional development in 10 dimensions were determined in terms of priority, including: knowledge, attitude, intellectual and mental abilities, management abilities, functional management skills, interpersonal skills, management skills, excellence and improvement, transformational leadership skills, professional and career skills, and psychological and personality traits, respectively. These dimensions included 39 components that constituted the final dimensions and components of the professional development model for technical and vocational school principals, which involved general knowledge, educational management, school principal, specialized knowledge, attitude towards human resources, attitude to change, transformation and improvement , attitude towards stakeholder participation, attitude to education, attitude to technical and vocational and skills training, attitude to entrepreneurship, strategic thinking, critical thinking, problem solving, creative thinking, general ability, vocational ability, technical and professional ability , people’s motivation , development training, planning and organizing, consequentialism, collaboration and empathy, team making, effective communication, networking, attention to stakeholders, organizational awareness, change and Improvement, authority, Ideal and charismatic influence, inspirational motivation, mental persuasion, individual attention and considerations, vocational skills, technical and professional skills, self-confidence, responsibility, honesty, perfectionism, and professional growth.
TVET
A. Poorang; N. Asghary; A. Shahvarani Semnani
Abstract
and is a potent means for developing algebraic thinking which necessitates students’ understanding of the functional relationship between measure spaces. The ability to recognize and identify the structural similarity and multiple comparisons in the proportional reasoning process is the base of ...
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and is a potent means for developing algebraic thinking which necessitates students’ understanding of the functional relationship between measure spaces. The ability to recognize and identify the structural similarity and multiple comparisons in the proportional reasoning process is the base of algebra and advanced mathematics. The concept of proportion and the necessities of developing proportional thinking are cognitively complex and its teaching demands concept-oriented approaches. Studing the quality of teachers' perceptions draws the perspective of the method and development of conceptual structures among the students. The present study focused on determining the extent of recognizing non-proportional situations and also the kind of selected strategies to solve proportional verbal issues in the teaching activity. Considering the importance of the context of this problem, the study focused on four semantic types of the problems in this field. Considering the pedagogical thinking of teachers in solving proportional problems provides the discussion on the obstacles of using the proportional reasoning among different semantic types. Methods: The study was done by descriptive survey method. The statistical population included 180 teachers of primary schools and mathematics teachers of the first level of the secondary schools, and prospective teachers who participated in the study voluntarily. The research instrument was a researecher-developed test containing 17 problems comprised of 3 non-proportional situations of additive problem types and 14 direct proportional problems, presented in the missing-value type which were either researcher-devised or selected from reliable research sources. The content validity of the test was confirmed by professors in the field of mathematics and testing and psychometrics. The collected data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Findings: The results of the first study revealed that the primary school teachers and the prospective teachers were faced with some difficulties in recognizing non-proportional statements. It seems that the superficial characteristics of verbal problem including having a structure similar to the proportional problems of the type of missing value and also the multiplicative nature of numerical structure are involved in determining the situation as a proportional structure. In studying the the strategies of solving the proportional problems in the teaching activity, the responses of the participants were analyzed using the descrtiptive method based on 9 types of problem-solving strategies. The results of the analyses showed that all of the first levele of the secondary school teachers and the prospective teachers of both of these levels, at least in one of their first two priorities in teaching these problems, applied algorithmic proportional strategies or algebraic equation formulation while being slightly influenced by semantic types. Teachers of the primary schools had little desire to use the algorithmic proportional strategies. On the contrary, as compared to other teachers, they had a higher preference for using functional and numerical proportional reasoning. However, they did not prefer to use proportional functional reasoning in their activities. On the other hand, the first two priorities of the primary school teachers were not included in any semantic types, utilization of more complex proportional reasonings, and scale factor. Conclusion: The results emphasize the necessity of the development of pedagogical content knowledge in this field in order to develop the application of the strategies of functional proportional reasoning and appropriate representations by teachers which are aimed at providing more desirable conditions for students’ proportional reasoning development. Unexpected behaviors of prospective teachers in this study emphasize creating higher sensitivity to the consequences of delaying the emergence of students’ relative thinking in the instructional plans of teacher training courses.
TVET
A. A. elyasi; M. Salehi; R. Uosefi
Abstract
University in Technical and Vocational University Area 8 (Mazandaran, Golestan, and Semnan provinces). According to the review of the research studies in the past including Ataiee et al. (2017), the researchers in the present study concluded that applying the criteria of the entrepreneurial universities ...
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University in Technical and Vocational University Area 8 (Mazandaran, Golestan, and Semnan provinces). According to the review of the research studies in the past including Ataiee et al. (2017), the researchers in the present study concluded that applying the criteria of the entrepreneurial universities in the organizational and educational chart of universities will result in the development of the power of innovation and creativity of students and graduates to perform entrepreneurial activities; Mahdi (2015) believes that the establishment and effectiveness of the entrepreneurial university is not possible without the systematic development of entrepreneurship education and effective training of students, professors, managers and staff of the university system and strengthening the entrepreneurial characteristics of the university's human resources. Bahayani (2015) believes that the following four elements should be considered for entrepreneurship in universities: organizational structure and management style, education and research, government facilities for entrepreneurial activities, entrepreneurial culture. Also, Naderi et al. (2014) emphasizes the entrepreneurial capabilities of students in terms of independence, internal control, motivation, success, risk-taking and creativity in different stages of higher education and by presenting a model with six different dimensions, they intend to take into account the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial university within the technical and vocational university, which is the only university in charge of higher technical and vocational education in the country, and technical and vocational colleges, as the sub-units of this university, have a history of more than 40 years of educational activity and are among the first centers of higher education in the country. In fact, by determining the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial university, it is possible to find out whether we have achieved our desired goals or not? Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population in this study is comprised of 448 individuals selected from all heads, deputies, official managers or expert officials and department heads of the technical and vocational colleges and institutes in district 8 (in Mazandaran, Golestan, and Semnan provinces). 207 individuals were chosen through applying stratified random sampling and Cochran formula. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 95 items was used. The validity and reliability of the research tools were confirmed. To analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests were applied. Findings: The research findings have indicated that the entrepreneurial university in the technical and vocational university includes 6 aspects: educational and research aspects, structural and organizational aspects, human resources, social and cultural aspects, economic and financial aspects, information and communication technology, and 18 components: (educational and research), (structural, prespective, mission, strategy, management and leadership), (professors, staff, university students and graduates ), (social and cultural), (economic, financial, facilities, equipment and research contracts) and ( infrastructure, offices, centres and companies). Conclusion: From the findings, it can be concluded that in addition to identifying the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial university, the structural and organizational aspect with the load factor of 0.950 has the most influence and the social and cultural aspect with the load factor of 0.874 has the least influence.
TVET
S. Hejazi; M. Shafaei
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Spatial ability is an important notion because of its application in everyday life and its place in science and engineering. In recent decades, there have been many studies on spatial ability in the field of mathematics education. Parts of these studies have been conducted ...
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Background and Objectives: Spatial ability is an important notion because of its application in everyday life and its place in science and engineering. In recent decades, there have been many studies on spatial ability in the field of mathematics education. Parts of these studies have been conducted in the field of school mathematics, emphasizing the importance of the spatial ability in the process of teaching school mathematics. Of course, it should be noted that the number of research studies related to mathematics education in Iran is not very large and most of them have been conducted in the field of psychology. It is also stated in the educational documents such as the principles and standards of school Mathematics (NCTM) that students should use a variety of visual representations to analyze mathematical problems and issues. Numerous definitions of spatial ability have been proposed and various terms, such as visual thinking, intuitive thinking, and visual ability have been used to describe it and various factors and components have also been identified to explain its nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial ability of students with regard to their gender, grade, and field of study and also according to factors including spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation. Methods: The method of this study was the survey method and its participants were 901 students from secondary schools in Shahriyar studying in the 10th and 11th grade in the academic year 2017-2018. The measurement instrument was a researcher-made test whose formal and content validity was confirmed by a number professors and teachers of mathematics and its reliability was also confirmed by the approximate amount of Cronbach's alpha which was 0.83. In addition, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test) were used to analyze the data. Findings: The findings of the study showed a significant difference between male and female students in the field of spatial ability. In addition, the performance of math students was significantly better than the students in the field of experimental sciences. Also, the performance of the 11th grade students was significantly better than that of the 10th grade students. This difference can be justified by the implicit teaching that takes place in the 10th and 11th grades, as well as the courses which are taken by the 11th grade students in geometry until the exam. These findings show that the growth of spatial ability depends on education, and because of its place in everyday and professional life, needs more attention in school mathematics. The qualitative findings of this study showed that tasks related to spatial ability are a good platform for developing mathematical thinking and mathematical processes, such as problem solving, reasoning, and proof. Moreover, teaching and increasing the level of education seem to have an undeniable effect on the growth of spatial ability and the improvement of students' problem-solving performance. Conclusion: Although the problem-solving approach has clearly established its presence in Iranian mathematics textbooks in recent decades, little research has been done on the place and role of spatial ability in teaching the process of solving mathematical problems. Moreover, the field of school mathematics needs more research on spatial ability in different areas, such as curricula, teacher training, and methods of math teaching and learning. The findings of this study can be useful in modifying and strengthening the strategies, educational processes, curricula and appropriate educational instruments to improve students' spatial visualization.
TVET
H.R. Arasteh; M. J. Haji qasemi; A. Nave Ibrahim; H. Abbasian
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Teacher recruitment and selection is of great importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a local model for the admission of technical and vocational teachers in Iran. Considering the fact that this research seeks to design a local model for accepting ...
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Background and Objectives: Teacher recruitment and selection is of great importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a local model for the admission of technical and vocational teachers in Iran. Considering the fact that this research seeks to design a local model for accepting technical and vocational teachers in Iran, and the results of the research can be used immediately in the target community and improve its situation, the study in terms of its goal is an applied research. The model designed in this study, supervising teacher training, meets the domestic need for policy and is in line with the theoretical and practical conditions and considerations of teacher education admission in Iran. The Ministry of Education can use this model to plan for the admission of committed teachers to have the expertise required by the vocational schools and ultimately improve the technical and skill level of the educational system. Methods: To identify the indicators, a comparative study of leading countries was used by George Brady method (comparative study method with four stages: description, interpretation, proximity and comparative). To evaluate and compile the initial and conceptual model of the research from the community of experts and university professors in the technical and vocational field using the Delphi technique (cheap, versatile, objective, non-threatening and easy to identify and understand with great flexibility, the possibility of using broadly, no need for interviewer training, anonymity, open discussion, identification and underlying understanding of the subject, gaining consensus in opposing groups, content validity and program design with relative support of participants, lack of influence of ideas and personality, unbiased views along with honesty in expressing ideas and options) and a purposeful sampling method of 10 people in two stages. The method of data collection in the qualitative part for the Delphi method was that a semi-structured questionnaire including a survey on the dimensions and components of the proposed model with 46 items (indicators) was sent to the sample (experts and academic experts). Findings: This research is among the qualitative studies with Delphi technique. By calculating the coefficient of agreement, the Delphi stages converged in the second stage. The result of performing the two Delphi steps was that the dimensions of the proposed pattern (initial, middle and final); components of the proposed model (physical, mental and social skills; having the required level of knowledge and expertise; passing pre-service training courses; passing internship courses; gaining points in the final exam and interview and interest, commitment and motivation in teachers); and 40 indicators were determined and specified. Six indicators were removed from the index due to overlap. Conclusion: Indigenous model of admission of technical and vocational teachers was proposed in three dimensions (primary, intermediate and final admission); six axes (physical, mental and social skills; having the required level of science and knowledge; passing pre-service training courses; passing internship courses; gaining points in the final exam and interview; interest, commitment and motivation in teachers) and 40 suggestion indicators.
TVET
M. Asghari; T. Hashemi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Technical and vocational training play an important role in the formation of human capital with Preparation of skilled workers in the market work needs of the world. These trainings in the developing countries are not only responsible for training the workforce but also help ...
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Background and Objectives: Technical and vocational training play an important role in the formation of human capital with Preparation of skilled workers in the market work needs of the world. These trainings in the developing countries are not only responsible for training the workforce but also help solve the problem of unemployment by preparing the ground for self-employment. These trainings also have the advantage of short-term or medium-term efficiency, which is the reason that countries are paying more attention to technical and vocational training. Considering the role of expansion of technical, professional and vocational branches in production boom, job creation, and reduction of unemployment, it is very important to study the factors influencing this field. The aim of the study was investigating the injuries of spread technical and vocational branches in the education system of the Tabriz city, In order to identify the existing damages, future decisions should be made scientifically and expertly. Methods: The research was done using a mixed method. The teachers of vocational schools in Tabriz (n=1028) was selected as the population of quantitative research and Students of this branches were selected as the research community (n=14464). Twenty of the experts were interviewed in the qualitative section. The sample of students based on the Cochran's formula (373) who were selected using a targeted sampling method. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics by using SPSS software. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire with 17 questions which was confirmedits validity by faculty members positively and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha (0/82). Findings: After reviewing the interviews of the expert group, the six main components were considered as the location of all branches damages, which include1-Curriculum (Teaching Methods, Educational, Evaluation System, Textbooks)2-Management (Attraction In the job market, motivation interest relative to Education in this branches, force evaluation, communication with industry, existence of effective upstream documents, decentralization) 3-cultural field (media, group of friends and family perspective) 4- Equipment and resources ( Existence of workshop facilities, safety) 5- financial budget (attention to the needs of the audiences and the amount of equipment upgrades) 6-teacher training (relationship between training and real life, Proportion of training and adequacy of tests( Conclusion: In the equipment field, According to Pearson correlation coefficient (0/683%), from the audience's point of view fundamental damage, related to the lack of safety equipment. In terms of curriculum and content, Response To needs of the audiences, was Undesirable (23/7%).in the field of education Improvement of human resources, lack of connection between trainings and real life (3/1%) and in the cultural dimension, inappropriate attitude of groups of friends and parents (21/1%) were recognized as damage. In terms of financial resources. In terms of facilities, finances and equipment, the amount of budget allocated to meet the needs of technical workshops has been very low (25%). the results of Pearson correlation coefficient in the student population showed that about (90%) of the damages of these branches depend on the management methods., Therefore, it is necessary to train and improve the directors of vocational schools and to design appropriate mechanisms in their selection according to their expertise and efficiency in this field.
TVET
M. Taghibaygi; B. Khosravipour
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The role and importance of agricultural vocational schools and training centers in forming the educated human resources needed in agriculture and the issues and problems that these centers face in the current situation are matters to be taken into consideration. It all shows ...
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Background and Objectives: The role and importance of agricultural vocational schools and training centers in forming the educated human resources needed in agriculture and the issues and problems that these centers face in the current situation are matters to be taken into consideration. It all shows that the pathology of these centers can not only help improve the prevailing situation, rather, it is possible to provide the necessary backgrounds for quality improvement in education by identifying the effective factors and elements that strengthen and improve it. Doing so these centers will be able to train students who have both the necessary skills and expertise to be able to enter the job market. A literature review on the pathology of vocational training schools and centers in agriculture revealed that despite many research studies conducted viewing the matter from diverse set of perspectives, none of them tended to study the non-functionality (flaws) of these centers from the viewpoint of two groups involved in the learning process, 1- students and 2- educators and managers. This study was conducted with the aim of pathology of agricultural vocational schools and training centers in Kermanshah province, as one of the agricultural hubs in Iran, from students’, educators’ and managers’ perspective. Methods: Generally stating, this study is applied in terms of its nature, and uses descriptive survey method in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consists of students (n=2800), and educators and managers (n=210). The sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table consists of 338 students who were selected by stratified random sampling. Teachers and administrators are selected according to their population number. To collect data, a two-part questionnaire was used, the first part including questions on individual characteristics of study subjects and the second part identifying the damages of agricultural vocational schools and training centers from the perspective of students, educators and managers (42 items, using Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 to 5). Interviews with managers and observations were also used as needed to obtain additional information. Findings: According to students, the most important flaws of agricultural vocational schools and training centers are the incompatibility of curriculum content with market needs, inflexible educational structures, low diversity of curriculum content, large number of general education courses and lack of up-to-date teachers. Educators and managers also stated that the most important flaws of these centers are inflexible educational structures, time-limit problems with courses duration, low diversity of curriculum content, accepting more students from urban areas and their lack of familiarity with agriculture and inappropriate equipment. Both groups agree on issues such as the inflexibility of the educational structures, top-down curriculum planning and lack of adequate diversity of content. To sum up, The most important flaws of these centers include 1- executive and educational shortcomings, 2- lack of a good planning, 3- lack of interorganizational communication system, 4- environmental barriers, 5- individual and motivational problems, 6- lack of proper evaluation and 7-governmental obstacles. Conclusion: In order to reduce damage, scholars and faculty members can develop a wide variety of materials well-suited for different branches in the field of agriculture. Additionally, more attention should be paid to practical training (in-field education) and development of a well-planed bottom-up curriculum for vocational schools. Also, establishing a memorandum of understanding and agreement between these centers and various industrial sectors in agriculture, and students’ participation in these sectors can be effective for them in gaining required skills and expertise of the field.
TVET
A. Movahhedi Nasab; A. Assareh; G.A. Ahmadi; J. Hatami
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the most important parts of the educational system of any country is its technical and vocational education, and this type of education is one of the basic policies of countries to train skilled and semi-skilled efficient manpower. Training of human resources in ...
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Background and Objective: One of the most important parts of the educational system of any country is its technical and vocational education, and this type of education is one of the basic policies of countries to train skilled and semi-skilled efficient manpower. Training of human resources in order to develop efficient and effective human resources is one of its important tasks. The role of technical and vocational education in comparison with theoretical education is very vital in the sense that it provides the manpower needed by countries at the pre-university level. Because the main core of technical and vocational education and skills training is the relationship between these trainings and the labor market. Since there is an increasing possibility of development in the sectors of industry, agriculture and services in the country, education and training of human resources in the technical and professional fields is one of the basic requirements of the country's development. As stated in the report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for sustainable development, human-centered development and the key to it is technical and vocational education. The purpose of this study was to pathology of the new curriculum of electrotechnical field of the technical and vocational education branch. Methods: This research is practical in purpose and is done using the mixed-research method. The statistical population includes all of the educational managers, electrotechnical teachers and 11th grade students of electrotechnical field in Yazd province at the academic year 96-97. A census method was used to select the quantitative part sample and the qualitative part sample selected with a purposive sampling method. In order to gather data, three researcher-made questionnaires, observation and semi-structured interview was used. The questionnaires’s validity was confirmed by 4 professors. Theirs reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method and confirmed. data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings:The results showed that the electrotechnical new curriculum was estimated relatively desirable from the viewpoint of educational managers and students and relatively undesirable from the viewpoint of teachers. But the workshop equipment and educational facilities, the teachers’ awareness of the upper documents and guidances and in-service course educations was estimated relatively undesirable. Also the instructional time, students’learning activities and students’ readiness from the viewpoint of the teachers was estimated relatively undesirable. Conclusion: In the present study, the new curriculum of technical and vocational education of secondary school in the field of electrotechnics in Yazd province was studied both in terms of Klein curriculum elements and other influential elements. Then, based on qualitative observations and interviews, the current situation of each component was described and some of the most important causes of injury in each component were mentioned.
TVET
M.S. Taher Tolou Del; S.A. Sadat; R. Ali Dehi Ravandi
Abstract
Background and Objective:Vocational technical education plays an important role in developing productive employment, improving the business environment, making the best use of opportunities and increasing efficiency in the community economy. Therefore, after acquiring specialized knowledge and skills ...
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Background and Objective:Vocational technical education plays an important role in developing productive employment, improving the business environment, making the best use of opportunities and increasing efficiency in the community economy. Therefore, after acquiring specialized knowledge and skills in various fields, people can work in suitable jobs and as an entrepreneur meet the main needs of the country in the priority of expanding training and technical skills. One of the most important parts of any country's education system is the program of the vocational technical education system. Paying attention to it is one of the basic policies of the countries for training efficient human resources at the pre-university level. On the other hand, the important role of technical and vocational education in achieving economic, social and individual goals is not far from the scope of research. Since the late establishment of training organizations of interns and expert specialists in the country's technical and vocational fields, it has become necessary to indicative this issue as the main need of the developing society of Iran. Therefore, by assessing the need for professional technical community in the country, and to provide efficient manpower, the present situation has been addressed. Taking into account the factors consistent with strategic goals and international engagements (such as ISESCO & UNEVOC in the United Nations), it is necessary to develop to improve the current situation. Methods: The methodology of this research is to investigate the professional technical education ability in Iran and to collect documents related to the goals and activities of strategy originators and implementers; to explain the amount of attention and sensitivity of the researches conducted during recent years. The research tool has analyzed in development of vocational education. Findings:The research achievement is a suitable way to improve the process of professional technical education in Iran. The most important factors of efficiency include attention to the Attraction and employment status by 21%, the necessity to change the education system by 13% and finaly; the teaching-learning process by 8.5%, were alongside with other factors. Conclusion: A review of the research process related to technical and vocational training during the years 2009 to 2017 in recent years shows that the research priorities based on the current conditions of the technical and vocational community, respectively, are: providing solutions, input and output factors, comparative studies, the need to review and transform the modeling with global goals, review the employment status and student recruitment, students' personality traits, provide a standard model of performance appraisal, educational environment, review of technical and professional books, trends Students, internal variables affecting performance, examining students' tendency to technical-vocational education and finally barriers to the development of technical-vocational education.
TVET
A. Naveedy; S.A. Khaleghinezhad; A. Khallaghi
Abstract
Background and Objective:Skills are the driver of economic growth, and in societies with low skills, the introduction and application of technology, high productivity, and new ways of working are difficult, and in fact delay the improvement in quality of living standards. Therefore, technical and vocational ...
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Background and Objective:Skills are the driver of economic growth, and in societies with low skills, the introduction and application of technology, high productivity, and new ways of working are difficult, and in fact delay the improvement in quality of living standards. Therefore, technical and vocational education as an important tool for training and increasing the efficiency and productivity of human resources can be the main priority of the education system of different nations and is considered increasingly prominent and important in education programs. There is also evidence that technical and vocational education plays an influential role in the development of secondary education. Nevertheless, technical and vocational education still suffers from a secondary education label and therefore fails to attract talented students who choose public education instead. As a result, the lack of skills of young job seekers has become a crisis in these countries. The vocationalization of secondary education has become a problematic issue in Iran like other societies for achieving the main goal in terms of adapting the education system to the labor market changes. The present study intends to provide a framework for training vocational and technical skill to second-level secondary students in academic branch. Methods:Regarding this, the qualitative research approach using documentary method was applied to examine the educational and strategic national documents, existing literature associated with vocational and technical education, and practical and theoretical frameworks. Then, the main framework including 11 components such as the logic and reason of program, the dominant principals of program, educational approach program, goals, content scope and orientation, educational methods, students grouping, learning resources and materials, the evaluation of academic achievement, the prerequisite resources and facilities, and program requirements has been explored. In the next step, validating the extracted framework was examined by different stakeholders, in the focus group meetings, has been confirmed. Findings: In sum, this framework will be suggested as a foundation for planning and conducting the training a vocational and technical skill to Iranian second-level secondary students in academic branch. Conclusion: In general, this study, by drawing the main agenda of the curriculum, has provided a framework for teaching technical and professional skills to theoretical students in the second year of high school, in which several components based on the documents and perceptions of different stakeholders are proposed. From structural factors to process factors are discussed in sufficient detail. This framework can be the basis for decision makers and policy makers to formulate policies and curricula for teaching a skill to high school students in the theoretical branch. Improving the level of career guidance and counseling services for students is another achievement of this framework that can be used in practice. This means that since one of the important goals is to expand vocational training and workplace experiences, it is important to provide career counseling and counseling services to students in a practical way through the development of a variety of vocational training programs. Such services should be provided at least at the end of the lower secondary school year or at the beginning of the upper secondary school to facilitate students' informed decision-making to move from lower to upper secondary school.
TVET
A. Ghaffari; M.R. Ahanchian; A.A. Khallaghi; M. Naderi
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Although the issue of vocational training has been considered in the history of education in the country, we do not come across a credible scientific document about the philosophy of vocational training. In other words, the study of preliminary evidence showed that the philosophy ...
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Background and Objectives:Although the issue of vocational training has been considered in the history of education in the country, we do not come across a credible scientific document about the philosophy of vocational training. In other words, the study of preliminary evidence showed that the philosophy of vocational training in Iran has not been considered as much as its value and sensitivity. For example, in the Fundamental Document of Educational Change, it is only important to pay attention to vocational training in general. In a general view, we see that in different periods of time, with the momentary decisions of the officials, the training of professionals has had many ups and downs. In these ups and downs, mostly without logical support, the vocational education system has sometimes been sharply criticized by some education experts in the country. As the philosophy of education and its different aspects such as vocational education is not so clear, and it is considered as a vaccum issue system of education, the purpose of this article is to understand the evolution of the philosophy of vocational education in Iran (from the establishment of Dar-al-Fonoon, up to now). Method and Materials: To achieve this purpose, the researchers have studied the evolution of philosophy of vocational education in contemporary Iran through a philosophical approach and via logical-analyzed procedure. This is done to express challenges and current issues as well as representing required suggestions related to the issue. To achieve this purpose, the relevant documents have been studied by evidence analysis method. Findings: The study of philosophical foundation of education system in Iran before and after the stablishment of Islamic republic indicates that the sprite of ruling over the vocational education in Iran’s education system is affected by several philosophical streams including doctrines related to the realism, pragmatism, liberalism, naturlizm, and mercantilism which are different from Islamic education philosophy in some axiological and epistemological foundations. Conclusion: In summary, the study of the philosophical foundations of the educational system of the Islamic Republic of Iran shows that the prevailing spirit of the philosophy of vocational education in the Iranian educational system is influenced by several philosophical associations that in some axiological and epistemological foundations with the philosophy of Islamic education. They are different. The most important of these schools were pragmatism, liberalism and utilitarianism. Therefore, it is inferred that the planning and implementation of vocational training programs has been associated with many shortcomings, and with the continuation of this situation, we can not hope for the success of these programs in the future. Because any vocational training system needs a philosophy to help it give basic answers to questions about what and why vocational training is. According to the present study, efficient vocational training is one of the most fundamental ways to achieve some goals of any educational system, and having a clear philosophy and a specific theoretical framework for vocational training is one of the first fundamental steps in achieving the goal of efficient vocational training. As stated in this study, and a review of the theoretical and practical background of research in Iran also shows, that the country's education system has clearly lacked the stated philosophy of vocational training. The lack of clarity in the philosophy of vocational training is a vacuum in any educational system. It is clear that having philosophical support alone is not enough, but also the stability and financial policies of the government can contribute to the success of vocational training projects.
TVET
A. Sadri; E. Zahedi; N. Rahmani
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Education has been considered as the most basic factor of sustainable development in our country. Increasing acceptance of education at all levels increases the need to pay attention to superior quality, effective management and adaptation of education to the needs of society ...
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Background and Objectives:Education has been considered as the most basic factor of sustainable development in our country. Increasing acceptance of education at all levels increases the need to pay attention to superior quality, effective management and adaptation of education to the needs of society and the characteristics of the twenty-first century. Development of technical and vocational education needs special attention due to the limitations of universities and ways to achieve higher education and the need for youth employment, and especially the unemployment of university graduates. In addition, at this time, special attention should be paid to technical and vocational training as the main weapon of global competition. In addition to the secondary and associate level, technical and vocational training programs in Iran have been officially upgraded to the level of bachelor degree. Social demand for these trainings, especially at the associate level, has led to areas of development and special attention to these trainings. Given the importance of endogenous development and reliance on domestic forces in various aspects of economic, social and cultural development as a result of sustainable development, training skilled and efficient forces that can accelerate the movement of economic wheels and the country from dependence on skilled forces and foreign expert, technical and vocational training is of particular importance. But technical and vocational training can claim to fulfil this mission when its products are in harmony with the needs of the labour market, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In other words, the technical and professional graduate has been trained in the fields that the labour market needs and is equipped with techniques and skills that can meet the needs of companies and employers. If education development programs are carefully and quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated, they would clarify valuable issues whose results due to the long-term impact of education on society, can help education planners and decision makers and foster help to use the results of this review and evaluation in order to develop better and more complete programs for the development of education. Consequently, the present study compares the supply of technical and vocational graduates with the demand for manpower in this sector and includes examining the external efficiency and employment of graduates and comparing the supply and demand of trained personnel in the technical and vocational associate sector, disciplines and specialized groups. Methods: In this research, a descriptive survey method has been used. The graduate research questionnaire in collaboration with Colombo College was selected as the basis for this evaluation. The statistical population consisted of colleges and technical and vocational schools under the Ministry of Education at the time. In sampling, 24 fields and 69 centres (using multi-stage cluster sampling) were sampled. Findings: According to the research results, there is a moderate significant relationship between the job and gender of graduates. Also, 76% of employees have found jobs related to their education and only 22% of employees are self-employed; Cramer’s correlation coefficient has reported very high and effective. The relationship between gender and employment problems has also been reported to be significant. The results also show that in order to achieve the employment of technical and vocational graduates, another 63% of job opportunities are needed for 163 thousand people. Conclusion: The results show that in order to increase the real effectiveness of technical and vocational education in the country, the curriculum should include changes tailored to the needs and requirements. Some suggested changes according to the results of this research are: More practical units should be included in technical and vocational courses and disciplines. In theoretical discussions in the technical and professional field, more attention should be paid to issues related to entrepreneurship; and the activities and disciplines that are most attractive in the job market should be expanded. The results of the study show that the retraining ability of graduates is at a low level, so more attention should be paid to the basic courses in the curriculum. Planning for disciplines and centres should be based on land management. Centres should be considered as the centre of integration that have the highest rate of graduate attraction. According to the research results, there is a moderate significant relationship between the job and gender of graduates, that is, although there is a significant relationship between these two components, but it is necessary to make efforts to increase this relationship.
TVET
Y. Gorji Mahlabani; Z. Motevali Alamuti
Abstract
Background and Objectives:The world today, with the development of technology and the resulting wide-ranging changes, has forced countries to shift from a "resource-based economy" approach to a "knowledge-based economy" approach, and this has led to three axes of innovation, technology and competence. ...
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Background and Objectives:The world today, with the development of technology and the resulting wide-ranging changes, has forced countries to shift from a "resource-based economy" approach to a "knowledge-based economy" approach, and this has led to three axes of innovation, technology and competence. The process of development and progress is of considerable importance. Improving the competencies and skills of human resources and their learning abilities through lifelong training such as technical and vocational training are the most important tools to access this axis. On the other hand, the training of human resources required by societies in the form of technical and vocational training from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, has attracted the attention of many countries around the world. Following scientific and industrial advances after World War II, these teachings expanded unprecedentedly in the world. As of today, the technical and vocational training of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare after education is moving in many countries, especially in industrial societies, to meet the economic and social needs as much as possible. It can be claimed that technical and vocational trainings, due to the combination of theoretical and practical trainings, have a great capacity to form human capital and train scientific workers. The role of employment in the dynamics of human life is undeniable and it can be considered as the center of human-community relations. Today's world is witnessing major changes in business and work environments. On the one hand, organizations are becoming smaller and more flexible, and on the other hand, the boundaries between home and work are blurring. In fact, the development of small and fast-growing enterprises in most of the world's economic systems is now accepted as a necessity. Meanwhile, the training of technical and professional organizations in home-based businesses, due to the alignment of theoretical and practical training, have a considerable ability to form human capital. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of technical and vocational training in creating opportunities and capacities in relation to home-based jobs in Qazvin. Methods: According to the community of home-based businesses in Qazvin, the type of research is based on documentary and field studies of a population of 100 members. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed Findings: The chi-square test was used to analyze the inferential statistics. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and indicated that the significance level of the critical value is lower supporting significant impact for technical and vocational training on home jobs. Also, the significant impact of the goals of technical and vocational education has been confirmed on creating more opportunities in relation to home-based businesses. But reaching this goal requires more attention from relevant authorities in this regard. Conclusion: Home business can be one of the best offers for people in today's situation; but walking this transcendent path requires overcoming the fears inevitably raise during the action and prevent the individual from moving in the direction that leads to individual and collective growth. The important thing is that one needs ideas that can be commercialized to get started. In fact, when an idea comes to their mind, they should visualize how to implement it as a roadmap for themselves, and if they see the success of implementing that idea in their desired conditions, they should start working. In addition, the discussion of counseling should not be neglected. Observing and examining people who have been able to achieve increasing success in similar situations can be another suggestion that acts as an accelerator in the path of work, technical and professional training in the meantime can be a significant way to achieve the goals of employees in the field including home businesses.
TVET
M. Vakilisadeghi; R. Noori; O. Ebadati
Abstract
Today, business, economics and society has been transformed by information technology. Many traditional ways of earning money have evolved and new methods and values have come to the fore. In this regard, Study of the e-business system in today's complex and turbulent world is essential. Despite the ...
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Today, business, economics and society has been transformed by information technology. Many traditional ways of earning money have evolved and new methods and values have come to the fore. In this regard, Study of the e-business system in today's complex and turbulent world is essential. Despite the fact that some businesses succeed in their field of work, there are many businesses that fail, because of selecting inappropriate business model. So, this study which has been done to identify successful e-business models using machine learning techniques. Quantitative survey was used to doing research. 105 businesses with a eTrust were selected to find the best successful electronic business model. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire. Analyzing collected data shoes the best business model for the success of businesses in Iran, are e-shop model and the advertising. The results of the k-means algorithm and ID3 show that of the 12 criteria considered in choosing the best model for success, two criteria; including the development of IT tools and company strategy have the most important role for the success of trusted businesses.
TVET
A. Khallaghi; G.H. Ahmadi
Abstract
Abstract: This paper aims to provide a framework for preparing the teachers’ guide for technical and vocational education teachers. Teachers are usually committed to execute the formal curriculum provided by the center of curriculum development in a centralized education system. To design a comprehensive ...
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Abstract: This paper aims to provide a framework for preparing the teachers’ guide for technical and vocational education teachers. Teachers are usually committed to execute the formal curriculum provided by the center of curriculum development in a centralized education system. To design a comprehensive model of the teacher guidance book is the main aim of this research. So, the main question is that: which model and structure could be the best for providing a comprehensive guidance book for teachers? This is an applied research with the aim as well as a survey by the collection and analysis of the data. Document study and questionnaire were used as research tools. Statistical population of this research was the curriculum developers and expert teachers. 32questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Moreover, three day workshop was implemented for some teachers and the experts in Curriculum development in which the model was discussed and developed. The result of this research is a "teacher guidance book model" which has provided based on the curriculum elements includes seven chapters. First chapter recommends to explain the general subject and foundations of curriculum. Second chapter includes the examination of the structure and content of the curriculum. Third chapter presents a framework for learning opportunities. Chapter four focuses on educational space and materials. Chapter five pays attention to the evaluation methods. Chapter six provides a budget schedule for lessons during the course and finally, chapter seven includes many recommendations for the implementation of the TVET curriculum.
TVET
A. Sehat; A. Khallaghi
Abstract
This research aims to understand the relationship between the leadership style used by technical school managers and school efficiency. This research is a survey. Managers and instructors of technical schools in Tehran are the population and the participants are 9 managers and 119 instructors which were ...
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This research aims to understand the relationship between the leadership style used by technical school managers and school efficiency. This research is a survey. Managers and instructors of technical schools in Tehran are the population and the participants are 9 managers and 119 instructors which were selected randomly. Data were gathered by three types of questionnaires; RANDSEEPE, ACHIEVE and MLQ. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between leadership style of managers and efficiency but a relationship was not observed between creativity of managers and efficiency.
TVET
M. Farhangi; M. Ghofrani; A. KHalaghi
Abstract
Ministry of Education established vocational education and training at high school level to provide skilled workers for different sections of industry. To understand the extent to which vocational schools provide truly competent workforce and meet the industry needs، its curriculum content and educational ...
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Ministry of Education established vocational education and training at high school level to provide skilled workers for different sections of industry. To understand the extent to which vocational schools provide truly competent workforce and meet the industry needs، its curriculum content and educational methods should be evaluated. This paper aims to study the curriculum of wood industry discipline in vocational schools to understand to what extent it meets the industry needs in Tehran province. The population in this study included vocational teachers، vocational students، and curriculum developers in wood industry discipline as well as wood industry managers and employees in Tehran province. All the teachers and students in third grade of vocational schools in this field and curricula developers (professional members of curriculum committee) were included in the sample as well as 50 members of the wood industry community، selected randomly. A customized questionnaire was used for measuring the extent to which the curriculum met the industry’s needs. Results showed that there are different points of view regarding the issue. According to curriculum developers the curriculum content highly meets the industry needs while teachers and students believed the curriculum content and industry needs partly cover each other. The viewpoint of those involved in the industry shows somewhat relevance between the two. Some books، such as wood construction technology and principles of industrial power technology، are in prime priority to revision، and some others such as physical and mechanical properties of wood، wood storage and drying، technical calculation (I، II، III) are more related to industry needs. Other books should also be reviewed in second priority.
TVET
A. Zakeri; R. Kord Noughabi; M. Sadrolashrafi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the instructional- learning processes of vocational schools in Hamadan province. These processes have three parts: learning processes, teaching activities, and evaluation procedures. All the parts have been studied separately, as well ...
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The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the instructional- learning processes of vocational schools in Hamadan province. These processes have three parts: learning processes, teaching activities, and evaluation procedures. All the parts have been studied separately, as well as combined together in order to understand the processes precisely. Ten research questions were raised and two measurement instruments were made for handling all the questions. The type of study was both qualitative and statistical. The research variables include. Sex, teacher's skill level, trainee's professional ability and trainee are major of study. The study groups were selected randomly from Hamadan schools and included 240 trainees, 80 instructors, and 30 administrators. The research findings were: 1- The overall performance of Hamadan province vocational schools was judged to be between good and very good. 2- The trainees evaluated the instructors to be good in observing teaching principles. 3- The achievement of trainees was above average. 4- Instructors and administrate as showed good satisfaction from students, performances. 5- The quality and procedure of evaluation was considered to be average. 6- No differences were observed between men and women.
TVET
Sh. Ahmadi; H.R. Shahverdi; A. Shokouhfar
Abstract
The term NanoSteels is called to some special steels consisting of nanosize phases (i.e. ferrite, cementite, and austenite), grains, and carbides (e.g. vanadium and M2C) produced by nanotechnology. It is proof that exotic physical, mechanical, and magnetic properties can be obtained from nanostructured ...
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The term NanoSteels is called to some special steels consisting of nanosize phases (i.e. ferrite, cementite, and austenite), grains, and carbides (e.g. vanadium and M2C) produced by nanotechnology. It is proof that exotic physical, mechanical, and magnetic properties can be obtained from nanostructured steels. Fabrication methods of nanostructure steels can be divided into two main categories, SPD (severe plastic deformation) and melt base (crystallization from amorphous state) methods. Among all of the severe plastic deformation techniques (i.e. ECAP, HPT, and ARB), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is especially attractive because it can economically produce bulk of ultra- fine grain (UFG) materials. On the other hand, crystallization from amorphous state in bulk metallic glasses is a unique approach toward the mass production of nanostructure ferrous alloys. In the experimental process, crystallization of α – Fe phase during annealing process of Fe55Cr18Mo7B16C4 bulk amorphous alloy has been evaluated by X- ray diffraction and TEM observations. It is known from the TEM observations that crystalline α – Fe phase nucleated in the structure of the alloy in an average size of 10 nm and completely mottled morphology.
TVET
M. Al al Hesabi; S. Norouzian Maleki
Abstract
This paper argues for a more responsive architectural pedagogy that enables future architects to create human environments and that emerges from and responds to societal, cultural, and environmental needs. Human environments are those that enhance, celebrate, and support human activities, those that ...
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This paper argues for a more responsive architectural pedagogy that enables future architects to create human environments and that emerges from and responds to societal, cultural, and environmental needs. Human environments are those that enhance, celebrate, and support human activities, those that reflect behavioral and cultural norms defined by society, those that ultimately integrate economy, ecology, and society into systems or are simply those everyday environments. A critical analysis of a number of thematic issues is provided to delineate the gaps between skill-based and knowledge-based pedagogies in the educational process of architecture. The paper provides a number of scenarios that help bridge these gaps while integrating knowledge contents necessary for creating human environments. This mandates a comprehensive understanding of two different but related types of pedagogies in architecture: skill-based and knowledge-based.
Architecture
F. Mozafar; M. Khakzand; F. Changiz; L. Farshadfar
Abstract
Collaborative architecture is considered as a strategic and contentious subject in the success of today’s architecture. As we know, a group does not only act as a set of people, but also goes beyond the sum of people’s abilities in some way. In such design, the building is the gradual expansion ...
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Collaborative architecture is considered as a strategic and contentious subject in the success of today’s architecture. As we know, a group does not only act as a set of people, but also goes beyond the sum of people’s abilities in some way. In such design, the building is the gradual expansion in design being beyond a single building, and it contains the social communications and the group of people who deal with design process. The purpose of this article is moving in the course of basic principles of thought in collaborative design. On the basis of such approach, this paper, studies the concept of group and team work in architecture so that recognizing collaborative design steps, we accompanied with a group of students in a student team design and defined their weak and strong points of movement in different steps. According to the importance of participatory architecture in the current age, the impacts of trainings for applying this activity are studied in the students. In order to study the training effects in increasing teamwork quality among the students, Isfahan art university students have been tested. This test has been done as two-hour sketches in groups of five people. This test had been in the research method in Univariant Hypothesis Test and according to the independency of the groups and equivalence of their variance in the society as students’t test (single variable test) for independent groups. These tests included a pre test done in ignorance. The students became familiar with teamwork and then a post test has been taken by the given students after their training course and explaining team work for them, the test results have been studied in this article.
TVET
A. Pourkamali Anaraki; H.R. Rouhani
Abstract
In this paper, A mathematical model for cold rolling of symmetrical tri-layer strip is proposed using the upper bound theorem to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of the strip at the roll gap. With implementation steps to express in order to analysis of cold rolling process, can calculate ...
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In this paper, A mathematical model for cold rolling of symmetrical tri-layer strip is proposed using the upper bound theorem to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of the strip at the roll gap. With implementation steps to express in order to analysis of cold rolling process, can calculate and forecast the rolling power, rolling force, average pressure between layers and thickness reduction of each layer. In order to validity the theoretical model ,experiments on sandwich strip rolling are conducted by employing aluminum, mild steel (Al/St/Al)as the layers of the sandwich strips and results is compared together. It is found that all of theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements
TVET
M.J. Maghrebi; A. Zarghami; M. Feyzabadi Farahani
Abstract
The non-dimensional Navier stokes equations in rotational form for the boundary layer flow are solved using direct numerical simulation. The length scale and velocity scale of the base flow the boundary layer thickness and the inviscid velocity outside the layer are used as the length and velocity scales ...
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The non-dimensional Navier stokes equations in rotational form for the boundary layer flow are solved using direct numerical simulation. The length scale and velocity scale of the base flow the boundary layer thickness and the inviscid velocity outside the layer are used as the length and velocity scales at the inlet boundary of the computational domain are used as two characteristics to define the flow Reynolds number. The governing equations are discritised in the streamwise direction using a sixth order compact finite difference scheme, and in the cross-direction using a mapped compact finite difference scheme. An algebraic mapping is used to map the physical domain into the computational domain .The compact third order of Runge-kutta method is used for the time-advancement purpose. The convective outflow boundary condition is employed to create a non-reflective type boundary condition at the outlet. The simulation results of this flow were compared by Blasius solution that show accuracy program. In this study, also, characteristics of laminar boundary layer flow verification for accuracy program with divided the lengths and velocity by length of plane and uniform velocity of environment respectively. Profiles and contours of velocity and vorticity have planed in flow arrow and self- similar have seen.
