تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی مبتنی بر چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی بر یادگیری خودراهبر، درگیری تحصیلی و گرایش به تفکر نقادانه

مهری, آرمان; سعدی‌پور, اسماعیل; درتاج, فریبرز

doi:10.22061/tej.2025.11481.3152

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22061/tej.2025.11481.3152

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: هوش مصنوعی، به مثابه یک فناوری آموزشی نوظهور، چشم‌اندازها و رویکردهای آموزش و یادگیری را متحول کرده است. یکی از شاخه‌های حوزه هوش مصنوعی، پردازشگرهای زبان طبیعی هستند که می‌توانند متون انسان‌وار تولید کنند که از انواع آن می‌توان به چت‌بات‌های هوش مصنوعی اشاره کرد. چت‌بات‌های هوش مصنوعی به دلیل قابلیت‌هایی مانند درک زبان انسانی و پاسخگویی به سؤالات کاربران، به‌عنوان منبعی برای آموزش و یادگیری محسوب می‌شوند. اما با توجه به تازگی موضوع کاربرد چت‌بات‌های هوش مصنوعی در آموزش و یادگیری، فعلاً مطالعات بسیار اندکی راجع به اثربخشی این فناوری بر حوزۀ یادگیری انجام شده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعۀ تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی مبتنی بر چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی در درس روانشناسی، بر میزان یادگیری خودراهبر، درگیری تحصیلی و گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه یازدهم رشته انسانی شهر زنجان انجام شده است.
روش‌ها‌: تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت داده‌های گردآوری‌شده کمّی بود و تحقیق با روش نیمه‌آزمایشی با پیش‎آزمون-پس‌آزمون و با حضور گروه گواه انجام شد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل همه دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه یازدهم رشته انسانی شهر زنجان بود. برای نمونه‌گیری از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای استفاده شد. به‌طوری‌که از بین مناطق آموزشی و سپس مدارس دولتی دخترانه متوسطه دوم شهر زنجان، مدرسه روغنی زنجانی به‌صورت تصادفی برای مطالعه برگزیده شد که دانش‌آموزان دو کلاس، در گروه‌های آزمایش و گواه جایگذاری شدند. نمونه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل 45 نفر شرکت‌کننده (21 نفر گروه آزمایش و 24 نفر گروه گواه) بوده است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش حاضر پرسش‌نامه یادگیری خودراهبر فیشر و همکاران (2001)، پرسشنامه درگیری تحصیلی ریو و سنگ (2011) و پرسشنامه گرایش به تفکر نقادانۀ ریکتس و رود (2005) بود. مداخله آموزشی به مدت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Sider که چت‌بات هوش مصنوعیِ ChatGPT را ارائه و پشتیبانی می‌کند، اجرا شد. به دلیل ماهیت چندمؤلفه‌ای هر سه متغیر وابسته و نیز اجرای پیش‌آزمون، از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره (MANCOVA) استفاده شد و داده‌های پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با استفاده از نسخه 26 نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌های تحقیق با استفاده از شاخص‌های آماری میانگین و انحراف معیار نشان داد که میانگین نمراتِ پس‌آزمون گروه آزمایش در قیاس با گروه گواه، نسبت به پیش‌آزمون، در هر سه متغیر وابسته، افزایش داشته است. همچنین یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل آماریِ کوواریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد بین یادگیری خودراهبر، درگیری تحصیلی و گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل، در پس‌آزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (01/0p<). لذا با توجه به بالاتربودن میانگین نمرات گروه آزمایش در مرحله پس‌آزمون در مقایسه با شرکت‌کنندگان در گروه کنترل، نتیجه گرفته می‌شود که آموزش ترکیبی مبتنی بر چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی در درس روانشناسی مؤثر بوده و موجب افزایش میزان یادگیری خودراهبر، درگیری تحصیلی و گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه یازدهم رشته انسانی شهر زنجان شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: با تکیه بر یافته‌های این تحقیق، می‌توان گفت کاربرد چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی در ترکیب با برنامه درسی رسمی درس روانشناسی، قابلیت‌های زیادی برای افزایش یادگیری خودراهبر، درگیری تحصیلی و گرایش به تفکر نقادانه دارد. با این حال، چون این احتمال وجود دارد که در صورت وابستگی به چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی، درگیری تحصیلی کاهش یافته و یادگیرندگان بدون ارزیابی انتقادی داده‌های خروجی را بپذیرند، به آموزشگران و یادگیرندگان توصیه می‌شود با در نظرگرفتن ملاحظات اخلاق تحصیلی، اهمیتِ نظارتِ معلم و آموزش خودتنظیمی به یادگیرندگانِ نوجوان، از چت‌بات هوش مصنوعی به‌عنوان مکملِ آموزشی و دستیار یادگیری استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

فناوری آموزش - هوش مصنوعی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of AI Chatbot-based blended learning on self-directed learning, academic engagement, and critical thinking disposition

نویسندگان [English]

A. Mehri
E. Sadipour
F Dortaj

Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, IranUniversity, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

and methods of education and learning as a new educational technology. A segment of artificial intelligence includes natural language processors that can produce human-like texts, such as AI chatbots. Due to their abilities to understand human language and answer users' questions, AI chatbots are recognized as important tools for education and learning. However, because the use of AI chatbots in education is still a recent development, there are currently very few studies on the effectiveness of this technology in learning. Accordingly, this research aims to examine the effects of AI chatbot-based blended learning in psychology on self-directed learning, student engagement, and critical thinking disposition among 11th-grade female students majoring at humanities in Zanjan.
Methods: This research was applied in purpose and quantitative with regard to the nature of the collected data. It employed a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design, involving a control group. The statistical population for this study comprised all 11th-grade female students majoring at humanities in Zanjan. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used, wherein one public girl’s high school in Zanjan, specifically Roghani Zanjani School, was selected for the study, and two classes of students were assigned to the experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 45 participants, divided into 21 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. Data collection tools included Self-Directed Learning Questionnaire developed by Fisher et al. (2001), Academic Engagement Questionnaire designed by Reeve and Tseng (2011), the Critical Thinking Disposition Questionnaire devised by Ricketts and Rudd (2005). The educational intervention spanned 8 sessions, each lasted 90 minutes, using the Sider software that offers and supports the ChatGPT AI chatbot. Given the multi-dimensional nature of all three dependent variables and the implementation of pre-tests, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was utilized, and the pre-test and post-test data were analyzed via SPSS version 26.
Findings: The analysis of the data using statistical measures such as mean and standard deviation showed that the mean scores of the post-test for the experimental group increased in comparison to those of the control group across all three dependent variables when compared to the pre-test. Furthermore, the results from the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference in self-directed learning, academic engagement, and critical thinking disposition between the experimental and control groups at the post-test (p < 0.01). Thus, given the higher mean scores of the experimental group in the post-test relative to those in the control group, it can be concluded that the AI chatbot-based blended learning approach in the psychology course proved effective in increasing self-directed learning, academic engagement, and critical thinking among 11th-grade female students majoring at humanities in Zanjan.
Conclusion: Drawing on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the use of AI chatbots in conjunction with the formal psychology curriculum has great potential to enhance self-directed learning, academic engagement, and critical thinking disposition. However, there is a concern that dependence on the AI chatbot could result in diminished academic engagement, with learners potentially accepting the output data without critical evaluation. Therefore, it is recommended that educators and learners utilize AI chatbots as educational complements and learning aids while considering ethical educational implications, stressing the importance of teacher supervision and instructing adolescents in self-regulation. It should also be noted that this study had limitations, including a lack of resources and prior research, restrictions on access to AI chatbots for IPs within Iran, and various hardware and software challenges in installing the AI chatbot software.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Artificial Intelligence
ChatGPT
Self-Directed Learning
Academic Engagement
Critical Thinking Disposition

COPYRIGHTS
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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