Architecture
J. Mahdinezhad; B. Ssaleh Sedghpour; R. Najjari
Abstract
Background and Objective:In tracing the recent crises of contemporary architecture, one of the roots of this crisis is the lack of attention and learning from traditional architecture in the educational system. Architecture education in Iran has been codified in the form of uniform programs, which has ...
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Background and Objective:In tracing the recent crises of contemporary architecture, one of the roots of this crisis is the lack of attention and learning from traditional architecture in the educational system. Architecture education in Iran has been codified in the form of uniform programs, which has overshadowed architecture. Fixed and uniform programs in higher education in architecture, in the field of architectural activity, have paid little attention to traditional architecture, which can be understood by going through the city and looking at the buildings built in recent years. In order to formulate an organized system for teaching architecture in educational centers, it is necessary to know the basic effective principles in architectural education. In educational processes, the relationship between traditional and modern education is decisive. The purpose of this relationship, in addition to the transfer of information, is to gain in-depth knowledge that is more important than the exact meaning of the message sent. In order to define the specific features of scientific communication, modern concepts in the form of new perspectives on educational methods should be used. This gives rise to new theories of communication that incorporate different ways of recognizing, learning, and transmitting information in order to make non-interrelationships between modern and traditional education. Learning from the potential of traditional architecture, especially Bazaars is helping to design modern commercial-social spaces in today's urban space. To create effective and dynamic urban spaces, that are in harmony with the social, cultural, environmental, physical, psychological and economic needs of the society people has always been the interest of, architects and urban planners. The purpose of this study is to construct, validate, stabilize and standardize the scale of socialization in traditional Bazaar. Methods: The construction of socialization -related items was conducted through an open interview selected by open and central coding, and after review, and evaluation of validity and reliability, 58 items were presented for the participants by eliminating problematic issues. The sample size is 326 which have been selected by random cluster sampling. In order to evaluate the internal coordination of the questions, differential coefficient method and to validate, the exploratory factor analysis, has been done. Finally, the normative table was presented for the main factors. Findings: Considering the results of the research, it can be concluded that this questionnaire has a proper validity and justifiability, and the factors that can be extracted from the factor analysis can measure the learning of traditional architecture. Conclusion: The findings indicate an acceptable initial validity and reliability for the sociability scale. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used, which indicates the extraction of 12 components: Culture and belief, new business centers, activity-behavioral component, functional capability, socio-cultural component of the market, social factor, diversity and visual attractiveness, social mixing, physical component, structural values of place, environmental impact on place, physical quality, access and communication. The scale has sufficient factor load to predict the validation measurement tool, ensuring the degree of sociability.
Educational Technology
M. Moeinikia; A. Zahed Babelan; E. Aryani Ghizghapan; Z. Bigdeli
Abstract
brought another technology called information and communication technology (ICT). This technology has a much wider impact capacity, compared to previous technologies, and in the field of education, by being affected by this new capacity, beneficial developments can be made in the pillars of the relevant ...
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brought another technology called information and communication technology (ICT). This technology has a much wider impact capacity, compared to previous technologies, and in the field of education, by being affected by this new capacity, beneficial developments can be made in the pillars of the relevant components. It is a matter of further reflection and understanding in recognizing various aspects, including opportunities or threats arising from the use of this technology. In other words, today the world with the features that have shaped the computer and Internet communications, has emerged to the extent that the networking community has led to the comprehensiveness, complexity and technological networking in various fields. The purpose of the present research was analysis and synthesis analysis presented in the context of the application of ICT in teaching and learning on students’ learning outcome. Methods: The research method is a meta-analysis. The population of the study consists of the written works such as theses and articles available on the websites Irandoc, Magiran, Sid and Noormagz and some papers indexed in journals between years 1387-1394. From among the done works, 36 studies were selected. Data analysis was performed with the help of three software programs, SPSS 22, CMA 2 & EXCEL. For descriptive statistics frequency and percent frequency were used, for inferential statistics, to calculate the effect size G Hedges, fixed effect and random effect model were used. To study the significance of frequency of the research, counting method (chi-square) and in order to combine effects sizes T Vainer possible combination method was used. To study the problem of publication bias in primary studies Funnel chart was used. Findings: It showed that publication bias in the primary study of learning outcome variable existed. To fix this problem, two models of fixed and random effects of Dual and Tweedy fitness test were used. In order to study the homogeneity of the studies, Q and I2 tests were used. The results showed that the primary studies are not homogeneous. Also, the calculated effect size was significant for studies under both models, fixed and random, for the examined variables. Vainer t possible combination results showed that there were significant differences between the combined effects sizes. Finally, the application of ICT in teaching and learning in students' learning outcome is verified Conclusion: According to the results of the research on the significance of the effect of using ICT in the learning efficiency of learners, it is suggested that practitioners (education planners) to consider the use of teaching aids and the use of new technologies as a priority. It is obvious that the development of ICT expansion infrastructure in the country, especially in educational centers, and providing opportunities for the entry of information technologies into schools and universities without ICT, which creates new social contexts for students to learn, is a key step in this direction. Ultimately, it is certainly the teachers who hold the key to effectively using technology to improve learning, but if teachers do not fully understand how to use ICT effectively to advance student learning, the huge investments made in ICT innovations will be easily wasted. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to encourage teachers to use new technologies in the process of teaching and learning in order to use them more and better, proper training should be held and to raise the level of their scientific knowledge in the above fields. Certainly, in order to succeed in this way, proper investment to equip schools with new technological tools is an important and vital thing that needs to be given more attention by the authorities
Modern Educational Approaches
S. Goharrokhi; A. Saberi Kakhki; M. Sohrabi; M. Jabbari Noughabi
Abstract
Background and Objective:Specialists in education divide teaching methods into two main categories: traditional methods and active teaching methods. In traditional methods, the teacher is versatile and students are passive and accepting, and one-way teaching is done by the teacher. Active teaching method ...
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Background and Objective:Specialists in education divide teaching methods into two main categories: traditional methods and active teaching methods. In traditional methods, the teacher is versatile and students are passive and accepting, and one-way teaching is done by the teacher. Active teaching method refers to methods in which students play an active role in the teaching process and gain experience using teacher guidance and learning has a two-way flow. Teaching methods seem to be on a spectrum, ranging from teacher-centered to student-centered. The command method is a teacher-centered method. In this way, expectations and goals are clear to students and are more suitable for use in large classrooms. Different teaching styles are used by the trainers, but there is not any theoretical agreement on the style that will have the most productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of command and reciprocal teaching styles on the performance and learning of basketball throw with emphasize to Jentile Model. Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in pre-test and post-test phases. Participants included 43 volunteer teenage girls who were selected by available sampling. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: command, reciprocal and control. Participants practiced basketball free throws in accordance with the Gentile’s model and their performance was measured in four steps including pre-test, immediate retention and delay retentions. For analysis of data, mixed ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni tests were used. Findings: Both command and reciprocal styles had a significant effect on participants' performance (P≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between these styles (P≥ 0.05). Based on the results, it can be said that both styles can have a positive effect on the training process and improve this skill. Conclusion: The general results of the present study indicate that there is no significant difference between the two teaching methods in teaching and learning a basketball fixed shot, which means that both command and two-way methods can have positive effects on the teaching process. Although some researchers today have paid more attention to active teaching methods and emphasized it more, but the results of the present study showed that command teaching method causes the same progress in the learner that students in both teaching methods are likely to have related benefits. These methods have been used, some of which were mentioned in the discussion, and no significant difference was observed between the two teaching methods. Therefore, it is suggested that researchers manipulate other constraints in their research to clarify the hidden angles of the effectiveness of teaching methods.
Educational Environment
S. Kowsari; A. Tarkashvand
Abstract
Background and Objective:People differ in their ability to understand complex concepts, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, how to reason, and to overcome obstacles using thinking. Learning experts believe that learning occurs in different ways in people and in most learning ...
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Background and Objective:People differ in their ability to understand complex concepts, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, how to reason, and to overcome obstacles using thinking. Learning experts believe that learning occurs in different ways in people and in most learning situations, people use their desired learning style. The similarity of users and the similarity of learning methods in different people, causes the incompatibility of the body of schools with the individual characteristics of students and different ways of learning in them. Student's individual characteristics and learning styles highly depend on their intelligence. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, intelligence in individuals has different aspects and types. Each of these intelligences can be strengthened by acquiring skills in doing some activities. The present study seeks to find spatial qualities that increase students' inclination to do these activities in each space. Understanding these qualities and applying them in school spaces can increase the likelihood of occurrence of intelligence-related activities and consequently increase the likelihood of developing these intelligences in students. Therefore, in this research, field studies have been conducted to identify the physical characteristics and qualities of spaces which lead to more correspondence between spaces and intelligence-nurturing activities. Methods: The statistical population of this study was elementary school students in Mashhad. 172 students were selected as a sample population, using a clustered random sampling method. They were asked to identify and describe the qualities of their desired space pictures for doing the above-mentioned activities among 6 provided images. The qualities were coded and classified according to the importance and frequency of repetition in SPSS software. Findings: Qualities derived using the qualitative research strategy and the in-depth interview technique, after evaluations and analyses, have turned to guidelines for designing elementary schools. The purpose of these guidelines is to increase the desirability of school spaces for occurring activities that develop each intelligence in students. Conclusion: Some qualities have been proposed only to improve the conditions under which a particular activity group occurs in a particular space and have not been repeated in other spaces and activity groups. Therefore, these qualities, from the students' point of view, merely facilitate the occurrence of that group of activities in the relevant space. On the other hand, some qualities for a single space are repeated in different activity categories. This means that activities appropriate to that space all need those qualities in order to be realized in the desired way. In other words, the space inherently needs those qualities. For example, shading on a learning terrace tends to involve all related activities. Another part of the qualities, such as the size and pleasantness of the space, are repeated in most spaces and activity categories. Students' frequent attention to these qualities, in different spaces as well as in different activity categories, can have several reasons
Learning Environment
S.M. Behrooz; E. Zarghami
Abstract
Background and Objective:The child's healthy development is the path to achieving the necessary abilities to guide him to adulthood and participation in the mature life of the society. Child development includes biological, psychological, and emotional changes that occur from birth to adolescence. Neuronal ...
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Background and Objective:The child's healthy development is the path to achieving the necessary abilities to guide him to adulthood and participation in the mature life of the society. Child development includes biological, psychological, and emotional changes that occur from birth to adolescence. Neuronal pathways in the brain develop in childhood through the movement and stimulation of the senses, indicating the importance of daily experiences, social interaction, and physical activity of young children for their socio-emotional, physical, and linguistic development. More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas. In the past, children spent most of their free time outdoors; this time was spent on activities in informal spaces, without monitoring and, in other words, unstructured. These spaces in ancestral life were the pure ancestral nature and the neighborhood, which has been an important place for children to play throughout the history all across the world. Yet, today's children spend most of their free time indoors, and most of their time outdoors in scheduled and structured activities. Children’s opportunities to have free and independent experience (the main prerequisite of natural learning) in outdoor space have declined in urban environments. Former research acknowledges the role of parents’ perception of safety. On the other hand, large cities have witnessed an unprecedented isolation from natural elements and processes. In this study, 3 to 12 years old children’s behavior was mapped in a Kavikonj Nature School, and the results were elaborated with staff interviews. Methods:. The behavior observation method was combined with the mapping of the GIS map to create a database of environment-behavior interactions that is directly related to spatial patterns. The initial stage included initial site observations to examine the main areas of observation and view of all sections of the site. Based on this, the site was divided into several areas for viewing, to make sure that each round of observations includes all sections of the site. Detailed data collection included systematic observations of all sections of the site in multiple and different situations. The observer observed all the desired ranges, which was in fact a 9-minute visual scan of all ranges. These observations were supplemented by additional data, including children's names, the intensity of their activity (static, moderate, and severe), and the elements involved in children's behavior. Weather conditions - temperature, wind, humidity, and sunlight - were recorded for each observation round. Then, to better understand children's behavior and interpret observations, a group-foused interview was conducted with six facilitators (the most experienced) at school. Findings: Our observations revealed some patterns of children’s behavior; while interviews revealed that children’s “imagination” is the foremost driver of their spatial choices and movements. We argue that children’s right to their everyday spaces should be acknowledged based on their own natural rhythms. Conclusion: Early findings suggest that the immediate spaces of "home" or "representation of the home," which we call "extension of the house," are of great importance to young children, where they spend most of their time and return many times during their long journeys. Further findings could help our knowledge of the environmental aspects of children's motor development. In addition, these findings will provide implications for the design of children's centers, and more importantly, housing in which children live, and are supposed to be the main source of community sense for them to make friends and establish their first true social connections.
Educational Technology
R. Sharifi; Gh. Bazaee; H. Asadzadeh
Abstract
Background and Objective:Rail transport is one of the most important infrastructures for the development of the country due to its special advantages and adaptation to the environment. Article 24 and 25 of the economic affairs of the general policies of the Sixth Development Plan emphasizes the priority ...
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Background and Objective:Rail transport is one of the most important infrastructures for the development of the country due to its special advantages and adaptation to the environment. Article 24 and 25 of the economic affairs of the general policies of the Sixth Development Plan emphasizes the priority of the rail transport industry. In articles paragraphs 34 and 38 of the ICT affairs of this plan the development of communicative and intelligent systems is also referred to. The role of education in the implementation of these programs is very important, and the study, design of the model and the implementation of intelligent learning systems accelerate the development of learning in rail transport. Achieving organizational missions depends on the ability of employees to perform the assigned tasks and adapt to a changing environment. Implementing training and improving human resources allows people to effectively continue their activities and increase their efficiency in accordance with organizational and environmental changes. An Interactive Mobile Learning System (IMLS) can be designed as a tool for implementing the theory of Heutagogy. This approach is considered as a chain of andragogy and has a process look. Considering the importance of improving safety in the operation of railway, there are many facilities in the areas of infrastructure, fleet and operation of this task. The problem that the Railway Company has faced is the weakness in the safe operation of these equipment and the maintenance caused by the lack of effective training that can be identified as one of the major contributing factors to the disaster. Methods: In this research, the size of the population was 3000 drivers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways; 280 were selected as the sample based on clustering sampling. By studying the models and learning approaches through the use of statistical tools, an intelligent model for moving from training to learning, participatory, ubiquitous and informed, and appropriate to the railway and the existing infrastructure was validated and implemented by Smart PLS software. The impact of this system on safety and the reduction of the actual workplace environmental hazards was studied. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the establishment of an interactive mobile learning system impacts the safety by influencing the drivers’ accountability, accessibility and performance. Conclusion: The intelligent interactive learning system as a potential tool for staff training and empowerment is examined. The role of education in the implementation of these programs is vital and can speed up the study and design of the model and the implementation of this system to develop the learning of the development of the country’s railing system.
Game-based Education
M. Shafaei
Abstract
Background and Objective:Currently, different teaching techniques and methods are used in teaching architectural design. Holding architecture education conferences at the national level shows the attention of experts and researchers to the importance of this issue. In recent years, critical, participatory ...
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Background and Objective:Currently, different teaching techniques and methods are used in teaching architectural design. Holding architecture education conferences at the national level shows the attention of experts and researchers to the importance of this issue. In recent years, critical, participatory teaching methods or techniques such as questions and answers to increase student motivation have been considered by researchers and architecture teachers. But holding architectural design courses in a workshop (practical) for many hours, repetition and uniformity of techniques such as one-day sketches, individual and collective corrections, and architectural design training become a tedious task for teachers and students. This becomes a serious challenge for young teachers who do not have enough teaching experience. It seems that game-based teaching method can increase students' motivation and increase their learning rate. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of game-based education on game learning, participation and students' feelings about the benefits of one (bachelor) architecture design course. Extensive research on architecture education shows the importance of this subject. The main approach of these research studies is student-centered education. Many researchers have emphasized the collaboration between student and teacher. The main goal of these studies is enhancing architecture students’ motivation and learning. Nowadays, there is a support for digital game-based education. Therefore, the goal of this study is investigating the role of game-based education (not only digital games) in enhancing learning, collaboration and the students’ feeling about the usefulness of the subject matter. Methods: Here, the experimental method has been used. Statistical population includes students of architecture design 1-B.A. The sample size is 51 students organized in 3 groups. The game-based method was used in the experimental group. The second group (control group 1) was trained through “project correction with other students as reviewers”. The third group (control group 2) was trained through “individually project correction”. All students were assessed by MBI-SS questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the semester. Findings: The results obtained through comparing the frequency of answers. It was concluded that game-based education through pantomime, verbal games and figural games could have a positive role on enhancing “learning”, “collaboration” and “students’ positive feelings about the architecture education”. Conclusion: The present study, in line with participatory education and teacher-student interaction, showed the effect of game-based education on promoting student motivation. Although in today's world, teaching architecture through computer games is discussed, this research does not limit learning by games to just computer games. Demonstration, speech, writing and drawing games can be included in architectural design education according to the teacher's creativity and the fit of the game with the subject and stimulate students' interest in architectural design and according to the research literature, cause long-term (long-term) learning.
Electronic learning- virtual
H. Abbasi Kasani; Gh.R. Shams
Abstract
learning processes has become an important issue in the field of education around the world. According to the announced statistics, this is spreading rapidly and widely. e-learning, as the most prominent application of ICT, has added a new dimension to the primary and higher education, and the use of ...
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learning processes has become an important issue in the field of education around the world. According to the announced statistics, this is spreading rapidly and widely. e-learning, as the most prominent application of ICT, has added a new dimension to the primary and higher education, and the use of online resources has been successfully combined with education to facilitate teaching-learning activities. That is why in recent years, many organizations, universities and companies have started offering e-learning courses. e-learning is a wide range of application software and teaching methods including computer-based education, web-based education, virtual classrooms, etc. The present study aimed at investigating and identifying critical success factors of e-Learning to develop a comprehensive model for success of e-learning. Methods: The research approach was qualitative and the method was synthesis. The research population was all of the articles (85 articles) related to Critical Success Factors of e-Learning since 2007 to 2017 in accredited journals using specific keywords. The sample included 41 articles selected purposefully based on the theoretical saturation of data. The data were collected from the qualitative analysis of documents. Findings: Using analyzing data, Critical Success Factors of e-learning were classified in 3 dimensions, 8 factors and 52 indicators including structural dimension (organizational, support, system quality, content, and educational factors); behavioral dimension (learner, instructor), and environmental dimension (technology). The results of the data analysis led to the identification of Critical Success Factors of e-learning as a model. Conclusion: In this study, an attempt was made to analyze the documents and studies conducted on the key factors of e-learning success and identify the key factors of e-learning success, to provide a model for e-learning success. As the results of the analysis show, e-learning success factors include three structural dimensions (including: organizational, educational, content, support, and system quality); Content or behavioral dimension (including factors: learner and teacher); and the contextual or environmental dimension (including factor: technology). With a clear view, it can be said that examining and considering all the factors of e-learning success is necessary for its growth and development. Most of the studies have emphasized the importance of structural dimension in e-learning success, although behavioral and contextual dimensions are also essential for e-learning success. Therefore, e-learning centers should also try to identify the factors that may affect their success and, given these factors, ensure the success of e-learning. The findings of this study to some extent is capable of informing them of these factors.
Educational Environment
Kh. Movahed; Kh. Sajadi
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Using the architectural environment as an educational tool requires identifying environmental criteria that affect the quality of users' learning. By recognizing the criteria affecting the arrangement and order of space, we can explain the principles for better design of the ...
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Background and Objectives:Using the architectural environment as an educational tool requires identifying environmental criteria that affect the quality of users' learning. By recognizing the criteria affecting the arrangement and order of space, we can explain the principles for better design of the learning environment and minimize the amount of learning disruption. On the other hand, schools, as the most important spaces for training human resources, play an important role in increasing the learning of people in society. Therefore, designing appropriate environments for the comprehensive development of students is a necessity. School is a social center, and its purpose is to learning lessons and learning social behavior. Behaviors are related to the physical environment in which human beings are located, so the formation of behaviors are influential in the qualities of educational spaces. Researchers have studied the role of the factors such as light, ventilation, heating and cooling, lighting, and etc. on learning process by studying the behavioral patterns of children in educational spaces. The most important element of a classroom with high productivity is its suitable furniture. In this study, the function and performance of furniture on student learning were studied. The purpose of this research is to design optimized educational environments in order to improve the quality of learning. Methods: The research method is correlational and the sources of environmental psychology and One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. The case study is three classrooms in a school with the same lighting and air condition. Study on learning behavior was investigated by changing the furniture of the educational space using Excel software and SPSS. Findings: The results indicated positive effects of the spatial layout in the educational spaces, and the classroom can be a teacher for learning motivation. Conclusion: This research has been compiled on one of the important factors affecting the quality of school students' learning. As mentioned earlier, different factors play a role in the quality of learning or the combination of factors gives better results; among these factors, we can mention the relationship between educational space and green space, playing music, predicting freedom of movement and movement in space, the ability to sit and rest, eating and drinking, etc. According to the analysis of the findings, the research hypothesis was proven. And flexibility in the body of the learning environment will arouse the children's curiosity and lead to their creativity. In the educational environment, the arrangement of students' desks and chairs causes their active and two-way communication with the environment. Finally, furniture can be considered as one of the effective factors in learning and stimulating curiosity. The quality of the physical environment is directly related to the amount of learning, and the design of the interior space in the educational environment can increase students' learning and their progress.
science education
Z. Khoshneshin
Abstract
Background and Objectives:The world of communication in the third wave of communication approaches has brought a new way of life in the form of new tools, which has led to it being called the electronic hut. Rapid developments resulting from the application of technology, including productive technology ...
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Background and Objectives:The world of communication in the third wave of communication approaches has brought a new way of life in the form of new tools, which has led to it being called the electronic hut. Rapid developments resulting from the application of technology, including productive technology and information technology in human life have caused dramatic changes in the industrial, economic, political and civil structures of societies, and these changes have had a significant impact on the life and work of people around the world. It has seriously challenged traditional methods of teaching, learning, and managing education. With the help of new educational tools, there is an opportunity to make new choices to combine the knowledge of students and students, including the use of blended teaching methods in an environment based on e-learning technology. Blended instruction is the preparation of an active environment and the introduction of dynamic training methods through which it is possible to use educational facilities with its minimum and maximum benefits. In this environment, it is possible to move from face-to-face learning to combining it with virtual classes and finally using fully online facilities. Blended learning as a new paradigm in educational context undergrounded in using ICT when learning occurs both in the classroom and online situation. The paper explains students' achievement in learning science through blended method at a secondary school in a city in Iran. Method and Materials: Research sample includes 160 students in 6 classes and in 3 grades. 60 of learners after revising of their pre - test score on the basis of scores' variances randomized as control and experimental group.30 of them considered as experimental group learned in blended method and the same sample participated as control in classic styles of learning. Data were analyzed by T test and covariance analysis. Findings: Findings showed that blended learning method could promote achievement results in experimental group on learning science conceptions. Conclusion: Learning is formed with a blended approach based on activity-based principles and the learner is required to reflect and decide on events and facts online or offline and explain the reality by reflecting group or individual processes effective in problem solving or decision-making, reviewing the solution and reviewing the effective feedback on solving the problem. Using the teaching method in a blended way and in fact combining education by using the computer as a powerful medium in the learning and teaching processes in addition to improving the teaching of science concepts, after direct teaching in the classroom and in combination with the curriculum assignments related to daily life, can be effective in improving the learning of learners.
Technology-based learning environments
M. Samadpour Shahrak; M. Tahbaz
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Research shows that the presence of students in nature and outdoors reduces stress, increases vitality and mobility, increases concentration, etc. Therefore, children should not be deprived of the blessing of being in this environment. Today, due to the increase in construction ...
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Background and Objectives:Research shows that the presence of students in nature and outdoors reduces stress, increases vitality and mobility, increases concentration, etc. Therefore, children should not be deprived of the blessing of being in this environment. Today, due to the increase in construction in Iran and the development of the culture of apartment living in courtyards, it is smaller and in most cases unusable, and has given way to a terrace in each apartment unit. This has limited the child's contact with nature and natural environments, and since children often spend most of their time in school after home, the school yard can provide a good place for them to spend time in nature. Spending time in the school yard, whether it is a waste of recreational or educational opportunities, can partially compensate for the lack of connection between children and the outdoors. School yard is a part of the physical space which can have a significant impact on raising the level of learning, growth and education of students. Neglecting these spaces in recent decades represents the necessity of attention to this issue. Therefore, the present study seeks to emphasize the importance of open spaces in schools in order to improve the current conditions of schools according to the needs of students as the main beneficiaries. Method and Materials: In order to meet these goals, descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and field studies was used. Eight elementary girls’ schools were randomly selected and studied in Tabriz city. In this paper, it has been tried to use collaborative methods such as drawing, writing, and interviewing students about their expectations of the school's yard. A total of 280students were interviewed and their paintings were examined. The data were coded in MAXQDA11 software and finally, to assess the students’ satisfaction the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were run using SPSS software. Findings: The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the state of the school yard and its ideal state. Finally, some suggestions are provided to improve the quality of the school yards.The findings of the study could be used in designing elementary schools such as: increasing the connection between outdoors and indoors, division of functions, using of the flexible materials with pretty colors on the floor and walls, and using of the flexible furniture. Conclusion: According to the research and research findings, it can be concluded that the environment of children can act as a deterrent or facilitator in their learning, growth and development. The rate of learning and development of the child increases when they connects with the environment, the open space and nature. Therefore, by creating a suitable environment and in accordance with their opinion, the desire of children to be present in the environment should be increased. A key factor in designing is the ability of children to create their own learning environments, rather than being in an environment where everything is pre-determined. In response to the first question of the research, we can mention the increase of sports equipment and attention to quality and observance of scale by 97% and the increase of greenery by 96%, which have the largest share among students' demands. In response to other research questions, it should be said that there is a difference between their demands from the school yard and the current situation, and with the solutions proposed in this research, their demands can be approached to achieve ideal conditions.
English teaching
M. Piri; H. Sahebyar; A. Sadollahi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present age is called the information age, because the acceleration of the evolution of science and technology in the present age is very high and significant. Every day new technologies are produced and made available to the audience. Much of the knowledge and science ...
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Background and Objectives: The present age is called the information age, because the acceleration of the evolution of science and technology in the present age is very high and significant. Every day new technologies are produced and made available to the audience. Much of the knowledge and science taught in schools and universities needs to be revisited over time due to social and technological changes. In addition, personal and professional situations increasingly depend on continuous learning. In recent decades, due to dramatic changes and the breadth of science, the need to upgrade and update human knowledge and skills, upgrading lifelong learning skills has become one of the primary goals of the education system. With the advent of information technology and the increasing development of the educational system, it has shifted its activities to the use of e-learning. The general popularity of this type of education is such that some have overlooked the benefits of traditional education and the interaction between teacher and student, and considering e-learning as the only way of education for sustainable learning at the forefront of formal education. Therefore, in terms of education, a new atmosphere has ruled the world. The large amount of information and its evolution in a short time that must be addressed in the education system; but due to limitations such as lack of time, lack of motivation to learn, update information is not compatible with the new atmosphere of the education system. This research has been conducted in an attempt to examine the effect of Flipped classroom on self-directed learning in English language classes. Method and Materials: The participants were female 10th grade students of Kaleybar in academic year 2016-2017. The research is a quasi-experimental one and is performed using the pre-test, post-test method with a control group. Participants in the study were 30 students selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. For data collection, the self-directed learning questionnaire was used with a reliability of.82 for the whole test and with face and content validity approved by the experts. Findings: Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. The results of ANCOVA showed that Flipped Classroom influenced the self-directed variable (with the exception of self-management) in learning with the help of covariate (pre-test) (p <.05). Also, the mean scores of students at the pre and post-test in the experimental group were significantly different. The mean scores of self-directed learning for students trained through Flipped Classroom were higher. Conclusion: Findings of this study, despite methodological limitations, such as non-random selection of subjects and limited number of sessions of educational interventions, can have scientific and practical implications for the educational system. The specific proposal of this research is to this method in compiling curricula and textbooks, as well as holding in-service training courses for inverted classes for new teachers unfamiliar with this method, as well as using this method by teachers for students' academic engagement. Strengthening the necessary academic skills in this age of information explosion is suggested. Studies on the long-term effects of the flipped class, conducting the same research in different courses and grades, as well as studying it on more examples in other educational areas, are among the suggestions for future researchers.
Information literacy
R. Ahmadi; E. Zaree Zavaraki; D. Norouzi; A. Delavar; F. Dortaj
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Given the impact that new technologies have had on individual and social activities, it is the task of education to respond to the growing needs of the society. To emphasize this task, UNESCO, in 2008, in collaboration with major companies such as Microsoft, Intel, Cisco, the ...
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Background and Objectives:Given the impact that new technologies have had on individual and social activities, it is the task of education to respond to the growing needs of the society. To emphasize this task, UNESCO, in 2008, in collaboration with major companies such as Microsoft, Intel, Cisco, the International Association of Education Technology, the Polytechnic Institute and the University of Virginia, designed a document for teacher information and communication technology knowledge. Due to the importance of the issue and the welcome of member countries, this document was further revised. In the introduction to this document, students and teachers must be able to use technology effectively to live, learn and function successfully in highly complex, knowledge-based and information-rich environments. Education should strive to design students with specific characteristics that meet the needs of today's societies by designing an appropriate environment. Some of these characteristics are: capable of using information technology, searcher, analyst and information evaluator, decision maker and problem solver, capable of effective and creative use of productivity tools, informed, responsible and participatory citizens. By increasing the daily and effective use of technology in the educational process, student-teachers gain the opportunity to learn through technology. The growth and development of various information and communication technologies has made it possible to build a variety of software, hardware and Internet networks that can help the educational system of any country in a variety of formal, informal and free learning. Accordingly, given the important role that the teacher has in organizing learning experiences, it is necessary for them to be trained in a way that finds the necessary attitude, knowledge and skills. Accordingly, in-service and pre-service professional programs for teachers should include objective experiences of information and communication technology in the professional dimension. The present paper aims to construct, validate and estimate the reliability of the questionnaire of technology competencies of student-teachers at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU) in Tehran. Methods: To do so a questionnaire was developed after a systematic review of literature on theories of technology competencies. Through a random cluster sampling a sample of 60 student teachers of SRTTU was selected and the questionnaire was administered among them. The instrument included 49 items. Item analysis such as item discrimination and loop, construct validation (factor analysis) and reliability analysis (Cronbach Alpha) were utilized. Findings: In factor analysis, three factors were identified as: technology knowledge, knowledge consolidation and knowledge production. The reliability of the questionnaire turned out to be .98. The results indicate that the instrument is both reliable and valid and can be readily used to assess student-teachers’ technology competencies. Conclusion: The results indicate that the instrument is both reliable and valid and can be readily used to assess student-teachers’ technology competencies.
Mobile learning
M. Dehghani; S. Rahimi; O. Amrollah
Abstract
In M-learning, learning takes place in natural environments and educational messages are transmitted electronically. Hence, the purpose of this study was investigating the level of application and usefulness of mobile learning (devices and applications) among university students. It is a descriptive ...
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In M-learning, learning takes place in natural environments and educational messages are transmitted electronically. Hence, the purpose of this study was investigating the level of application and usefulness of mobile learning (devices and applications) among university students. It is a descriptive quantitative study. The population included graduate students of Educational Sciences, Mechanical Engineering and Architecture of University of Tehran; and Hygiene of Iran University. 268 students were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were gathered by a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire with 21 items. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and one sample t-test, Anova and Scheffe test. The results of data analysis showed that familiarity, application and utility of the tools and applications of mobile learning are slightly lower than the mean among students. Students’ familiarity and application of mobile learning were found to be significantly different. The greatest difference was found to be between students of educational sciences and architecture. No significant difference was found between the students considering the efficacy of mobile learning. It can be concluded that university students of different majors use mobile learning (devices and applications) differently based on their field of study.
Curriculum Planning
M. Khakzand; S. Babaei
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness factors in the design of open space in educational centers for children and its relationship to learning. Because learning and convey the meaning is an inseparable part in every educational process, accordingly, the authors tried to introduce ...
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The main purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness factors in the design of open space in educational centers for children and its relationship to learning. Because learning and convey the meaning is an inseparable part in every educational process, accordingly, the authors tried to introduce the theory which named (Seven Cs including: C1: character, C2: context, C3: connectivity, C4: change, C5: chance, C6: clarity, C7: challenge). The authors believe that using this method can provide a favorable environment and adaptable with the educational goals, i.e. increasing the quality of learning and efficiencies for the children. The method used in this research is directed-content-analysis which aims is a trying to develop a theory for greater efficiency. This theory results of the several year efforts by the experimental and survey method in Canada. Initially, the resources evaluated and analyzed, then extracted the significant factors in children's environment. Consequently, these factors are measured within (SevenCs) and finding showed that both of them are in one direction. Then it is providing the framework and principles for designing the educational open spaces, according to the different needs of children which can be a beneficial guide for designers. Finally, it can be said that these principles can prove the satisfaction and greater efficiency of educational concepts for children.
Educational technology- primary school
H. Panah; S. Mousavipour
Abstract
The present research was conducted to investigate the instructional effects of Quran educational multimedia on the learning and retention of six grade male students with mental special needs in Arak. The research design of the study was a quasi-experimental, and the participants of the study were 18 ...
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The present research was conducted to investigate the instructional effects of Quran educational multimedia on the learning and retention of six grade male students with mental special needs in Arak. The research design of the study was a quasi-experimental, and the participants of the study were 18 students with mental special needs studying at the Noor special education center randomly assigned to two groups of nine. The experimental group was treated with multimedia instruction for two months (18 sessions each 45 minutes) while the control group received no treatment strategy. To assess the results, first a pretest was administered to both groups. After the pretest the experimental group received the treatment and after that a posttest was administered to both groups. The data were then analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA and multivariate variance analysis.Overall, the results of the analyses imply that although in both groups under study the level of learning and intake improved compared with the beginning, the second group which was exposed to multimedia instruction of Quran outperformed the other group with traditional instruction in the indices under investigation in this study. Also, according to multivariate variance analysis, it was found that multimedia use in teaching Quran to students with mental special needs significantly improves the indices of reading the words part by part, reading, compared with the traditional methods.
Education technology -training course
S.R. Emadi; N. ZanjanI Maskan
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was the comparison of the impact of instruction using instructional software and traditional method of learning and retention geometry lesson. This study was a quasi-experimental study. Statistical population consisted of all students in the Zanjan city's public ...
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The main purpose of the present study was the comparison of the impact of instruction using instructional software and traditional method of learning and retention geometry lesson. This study was a quasi-experimental study. Statistical population consisted of all students in the Zanjan city's public schools. Using random sampling, there are two classes of 30 and then randomly selected one class as the experimental group and control group was selected as another class. To get the result semi test method was used to collect the data needed for a self-made test. To analyze the data, were used descriptive and inferential statistical methods as Vic Shapiro test, t-test and analysis of covariance. The results showed that: Students who have been trained by a combination method these students had a higher level of learning and retention in the spatial geometry lesson.
Electronic learning- virtual
A. Sanayei; H. Salimian
Abstract
Internet has been a significant effect on the establishment of virtual education. Virtual education is a term that involves online learning by using e-learning. This study analyzes the affecting factors for virtual education acceptance with emphasize on the internal factors and its statistical population ...
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Internet has been a significant effect on the establishment of virtual education. Virtual education is a term that involves online learning by using e-learning. This study analyzes the affecting factors for virtual education acceptance with emphasize on the internal factors and its statistical population is, virtual faculty students of Isfahan University who have been completed the questionnaires either by their presence or through the internet (electronic questionnaires). In comparing this research with others in this field we will understand that, there is more recognition of the internal factors affecting the learners in this paper, in this study, we emphasize on these factors; and we consider the motivation and self-efficacy as internal factors. According to the technology acceptance model, we consider the direct effect of the motivation variables, ease of perceived use, cognition’s benefits, the indirect effect of social influence, system quality, facilitating condition and self-efficiency on behavioral tendency and students’ acceptance of virtual education. SPSS 19 and Amos 18 software have been used to analyze the data. The 121 questionnaire findings showed that Social influences and system quality have an impact on cognition’s benefits. Also it must be noted that we showed the effect of facilitating conditions and self-efficiency on ease of perceived use and effect of ease perceived use of the cognition’s benefits. Also on we accepted that motivation, ease of perceived use and cognition’s benefits have a direct effect on the students tendency and their behavioral tendency.
Educational Technology Psychology
A.A. Rastgar; M. Malekdar; M. Tajaldin
Abstract
Nowadays, many researchers examine the causes of the gap of between university and industry. They want to find the effective factors on economic growth that they reach to entrepreneurship for economic growth. So entrepreneurship has a special position in industrious societies. It is introduces as one ...
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Nowadays, many researchers examine the causes of the gap of between university and industry. They want to find the effective factors on economic growth that they reach to entrepreneurship for economic growth. So entrepreneurship has a special position in industrious societies. It is introduces as one of the life quality factors in programs of Europe educational commission. This article reply to these questions: Does the difference exist between entrepreneurship management students with other management students? How is brain dominance between students of Tehran university in entrepreneurship management field with Semnan university students in management field with using of Ned Herrmann ' s four brain quarter model. ? How amount does the teaching system of two universities effect on brain dominance? How is the potential of entrepreneurship in two universities? This research is using of Ned Herrmann ' s four brain quarter model .the results shows the wonderful influence of teaching on brain dominance an good potential on entrepreneurship in both universities. Moreover, Semnan university students use from the two halves of the brain equally more than Teharn university students.
TVET
A. Zakeri; R. Kord Noughabi; M. Sadrolashrafi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the instructional- learning processes of vocational schools in Hamadan province. These processes have three parts: learning processes, teaching activities, and evaluation procedures. All the parts have been studied separately, as well ...
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The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the instructional- learning processes of vocational schools in Hamadan province. These processes have three parts: learning processes, teaching activities, and evaluation procedures. All the parts have been studied separately, as well as combined together in order to understand the processes precisely. Ten research questions were raised and two measurement instruments were made for handling all the questions. The type of study was both qualitative and statistical. The research variables include. Sex, teacher's skill level, trainee's professional ability and trainee are major of study. The study groups were selected randomly from Hamadan schools and included 240 trainees, 80 instructors, and 30 administrators. The research findings were: 1- The overall performance of Hamadan province vocational schools was judged to be between good and very good. 2- The trainees evaluated the instructors to be good in observing teaching principles. 3- The achievement of trainees was above average. 4- Instructors and administrate as showed good satisfaction from students, performances. 5- The quality and procedure of evaluation was considered to be average. 6- No differences were observed between men and women.
philosophy of education
M.A. Golkar
Abstract
This paper identifies issues that arise from traditional university feedback systems. Traditional university feedback systems are undertaken as annual student surveys in areas including curriculum and teaching which may be conducted by the academic development unit, student union or at faculty or school ...
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This paper identifies issues that arise from traditional university feedback systems. Traditional university feedback systems are undertaken as annual student surveys in areas including curriculum and teaching which may be conducted by the academic development unit, student union or at faculty or school level which generate statistical results. All universities around the world have such feedback systems. Some universities take the results seriously at senior management level, some only at academic teaching staff level and some only at a student level. A common problem is that these teaching survey results may only be seen by teachers, it doesn't matter whether the results are good or bad. In this paper, we present a dynamic curriculum development which systematically collects input or feedback from learners (students), teachers (academics) and industry panelists. We provide an incremental management approach to use these as a basis for new course development and strategic management of the improvement process of course development as well as a matrix on the measurement of how one utilizes the feedback for teaching and learning improvement and the value output from the triple feedback system.
Education technology - Lifelong learning
E. Samari; M. Atashak
Abstract
This paper aims to study of knowledge and applying educational technology teachers in learning process of students with problem solving and systematic approaches in experimental science has been in primary education. In this study, two methods: descriptive study (survey) and semi-experimental that design ...
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This paper aims to study of knowledge and applying educational technology teachers in learning process of students with problem solving and systematic approaches in experimental science has been in primary education. In this study, two methods: descriptive study (survey) and semi-experimental that design with two groups pre-test and post-test has been used. Samples were teachers and students in grade of 4th primary education in Ardabil province. The results showed that teachers knowledge and use of educational technology low and medium level were evaluated also there is significant relationship between teachers knowledge of educational technology and applying and so applying it improved students learning.
Electronic learning- virtual
L. Pour Mohammad Baqer; E. Pour Mohammad Baqer
Abstract
It is certain that the present world, in fact the world of information technology and the world of hasty history, is different because of changes. Education systems in society and university are not detached from other sociable and national organizations and from extensive international changes in global ...
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It is certain that the present world, in fact the world of information technology and the world of hasty history, is different because of changes. Education systems in society and university are not detached from other sociable and national organizations and from extensive international changes in global village, since education society is the center of changes and alternations both in historical experience and special condition at present century. Education systems will be changed in the future because there is transformation in social organization of human being but the most important issue is that those kinds of strategies should be used in which education systems at universities are not imitation but recreate themselves in sync with human's development. This paper investigates information and communication technology and its application at university education in different courses of teaching, learning, educational help devices, imaginary libraries and distance education. Then there are different propositions about improving education at universities.
