e-learning
M. Abedini baltork; E. Salehi omran; N. Kolbadinezhad
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Massive open online courses as one of the latest educational technologies have caused fundamental and quality changes to educational processes at the level of different universities and it's expanding rapidly. Mooc entails an online learning environment that is considered as ...
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Background and Objectives: Massive open online courses as one of the latest educational technologies have caused fundamental and quality changes to educational processes at the level of different universities and it's expanding rapidly. Mooc entails an online learning environment that is considered as the latest revolution in online education and learning. These comprehensive learning courses have provided many people with access to knowledge that was not easy in the past. Mooc is a course aimed at highly interactive participation and open access via the Internet. Despite the importance of this issue, there is still no standard scale to measure Mooc-based Curriculum, so the current research was conducted with the aim of building and validating a curriculum scale based on Mooc in higher education.Methods: The research design is mixed method and the research method in the qualitative part is document review. In this regard, qualitative data was first collected and analyzed, then based on the qualitative results obtained, quantitative data was collected and analyzed and then the results of the quantitative part were used to better explain the qualitative findings. The statistical population also included Iranian and foreign sources in the field of virtual, electronic and Mooc education. In order to access texts and articles related to Persian and English keywords, curriculum, Mooc, virtual education, e-learning, online courses which are indexed in many internal electronic resources and electronic sources abroad were used to extract the latest sources related to the current research. Therefore, from 2000 to 2019, available and rich sources were studied in line with the current research and using the theme analysis method, 62 inclusive themes, 7 organizers and one comprehensive theme were discovered. The research method was quantitative, descriptive-survey and the statistical population consisted of 386 faculty members of University of Mazandaran. According to Morgan sampling table and based on relative stratified sampling, 181 people were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, the content validity of which was 0.83 and the reliability was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and above 0.92. The research instrument was the Mooc curriculum scale with 7 subscales and 46 items on a five-point Likert scale.Findings: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that Mooc-based curriculum includes managerial, technological, manpower issues, goal, content, teaching-learning strategies and evaluation. The values of TLI and CFI indices were at the desired level and higher than the cut-off point of 0.90. Therefore, the factor model had a good fit with the data.Conclusion: Since Mooc is a course that aims for a lot of interactive participation and free access through the Internet and is considered as a source for learning and training, it can be said that this method has many more attractions than the traditional methods. On the other hand, nowadays, the existence of numerous unreliable sources of information on the Internet has become a big challenge for people, and access to websites can help those who are looking for information, because its content is prepared by reputable institutions and it is easy to understand whether the source is reliable or not.
Educational technology- primary school
S. Ansari; F. Seraji; M. Yousefzadeh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the importance of media literacy education to children in the curricula of many schools around the world and the gaps in media literacy education in Iran as well as the emphasis of various studies on using learning-based methods based on information-processing models ...
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Background and Objectives: Given the importance of media literacy education to children in the curricula of many schools around the world and the gaps in media literacy education in Iran as well as the emphasis of various studies on using learning-based methods based on information-processing models and social learning in media literacy education, the question arises as to what the characteristics of media literacy curriculum elements are according to previous studies in the field of media literacy education. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the second primary media literacy curriculum elements for functional consuming(FC), critical consuming(CC), functional presuming(FP), and critical presuming(CP) media.Methods: This research was conducted using mixed-methods design (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, to identify the features of the media literacy curriculum of the second primary school, the qualitative method of synthesis research (qualitative Meta-Synthesis) was used, and in the next stage, to examine the opinion of experts from the descriptive-survey method and to evaluate the effect of program implementation, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control and experimental group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of three groups, A) The studies published in the field of media literacy education were in local and international scientific databases; out of 4309, 18 related documents in the field of media literacy were purposefully selected as samples, B) In the initial validation section of the project, 15 specialists were purposefully selected (with criteria of expertise and experience in the field of media literacy education) from the statistical community of instructors and curriculum planning specialists in the field of media literacy as a sample, and C) In the quantitative part of the statistical population, the students of the second primary school in Hamedan in the academic year of 2019-2020 were included who were selected as a research sample using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method and consisted of a total of 63 sixth-grade female students. In order to analyze the data, to extract information from research and to analyze and combine the findings in determining the characteristics of the curriculum, the content analysis method was used via coding. At this stage, in addition to using the CASP tool in selecting appropriate study units, to ensure the coding method, in addition to using the researcher self-review technique, two experts in the field of communication and curriculum were used to re-codify the findings. In the second stage, using a researcher-made questionnaire, the data obtained from the survey to validate the curriculum were evaluated with a CVR coefficient. In the third stage, in order to analyze the data obtained from the researcher-made tests (functional evaluation, parent evaluation and self-evaluation) in four levels of functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumption, and critical prosumption, according to the fact that the data does not have a normal distribution in the pre-test and post-test, the Uman-Whitney test was used.Findings: Findings of the research in the meta-analysis section indicated characteristics such as attention to critical approach, critical media literacy, cognitive media literacy and new media literacy, and the basics of the philosophy program for children in the basics element; Acquisition and promotion of media consumption indicators included (fostering caring thinking), critical media literacy (fostering critical thinking) and producing media messages (fostering creative thinking) in the target element; Attention to cognitive, emotional, aesthetic and moral dimensions, students' life experiences in the face of different media, components emphasized in media literacy theories and in combination with other courses were included in the content element; Attention to discussion and participation in classroom community of inquiry, research-oriented, based on personal (individual) patterns, as well as the use of integrated methods were considered in the method element; Emphasis on discussion, attention to different cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, use of different evaluation tools as well as metacognitive self-evaluation were the elements of media literacy curriculum evaluation in the second primary school. In the field of validation according to experts, due to the higher CVR coefficient obtained in all items of the minimum acceptable coefficient for 15 people (0.49), the features mentioned in the curriculum of the second primary school were confirmed. In the study of the effect of the implemented curriculum on media literacy competencies of second primary school students, the results of Mann-Whitney post-test showed that the effect of the experimental group was significant at the confidence level of 0.95 (P = 0.000, Z = -5.93).Conclusion: Combining library studies, experimental designs, and interviews with experts in previous studies, as well as validating the features extracted by experts in the field of media literacy training and model effectiveness in implementation suggests a curriculum during which students form a research community to find, build, and engage in media messages involving positive exchange and participation (instead of a competitive environment) in challenging content related to media literacy indicators and results in the cultivation of thoughts based on non-hostile reflection, an increased enjoyment stemming from the ability to read and deeply understand media messages based on dialogue, the development of creativity while creating common perceptions, adherence to ethical principles such as tolerance and acceptance of ambiguities and in general grounding and promoting media literacy and self-leadership through cultivating a variety of caring, critical and creative thinking abilities.
Education technology - Teacher training
A. Rahbar; S.M. Imam Jome; A. Hosseini Dehshiri; A. Asareh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Teacher training, as the most important pillar of education, is responsible for training student teachers to enter the serious job of teaching. Creativity is one of the important issues among researchers, especially educational specialists, which should always be investigated ...
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Background and Objectives: Teacher training, as the most important pillar of education, is responsible for training student teachers to enter the serious job of teaching. Creativity is one of the important issues among researchers, especially educational specialists, which should always be investigated and studied. Improving creativity as a concern has always been considered by researchers. The contemporary world has prompted educators and educational planners to look for ways to prepare learners for the future. It is clear that in a period where learners can access to any information in a few seconds by using the Internet, the emphasis on memorizing and the content of textbooks is not enough. The main focus should be on conceptual development, critical thinking, collaboration and above all creativity because in today's world, the possibility of encountering problems for which there is no predetermined solution has increased. Therefore, solving new problems requires creativity. Based on this viewpoint, the aim of the current research is to design a curriculum model based on creativity for student teachers.Methods: This research is based on the qualitative method and is data-oreinted in type, and of foundation data and the uses dimension analysis approach Participants in the study were specialists curriculum planning and professors of Farhangian University . By criterion sampling for semi - structured and exploratory interviews , 18 individuals were selected. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation of the data . To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding were used benefitting from the MAXQDA software . The validity of the data was confirmed by matching methods applied by the members , peer review , and experimental interviews .Findings: Based on the elements of AkKer's curriculum planning, the findings showed that the logic of the creativity-oriented curriculum is based on the integration of information and communication technology in teaching and learning creativity, localizing creativity, training and improving the creative skills of student teachers to foster creative students after finishing their teacher training program and entering the schools. . The content should be diverse and multiple, stimulating, using modern educational technologies and multimedia as well as being attractive in content creation. Moreover, the organization of this content should be based on spiral and integrated organization. The teacher has the role of facilitator and stimulator of creativity. Learning activities should be based on mixed methods, workshops, questioning and cooperative learning. Information and communication technology should be used in teaching in order to enrich the teaching process. Also, the creative environment should have features, such as stimulating creativity, collaboration, as well as being based on creative architecture with attractive colorful computer graphics. The evaluation of the curriculum should be qualitative and descriptive,taking place continuously during a period of time. Exposing the learners to different situations of taking tests , such as creative plays or group games , creative evaluation by using the learning concepts but different from the cliche types of questions within the book , holding group or individual exams after providing counselling opportunites in the group, self-assessment, open goal evaluation , evaluation of creative , process and functional skills are also among other features of a creative environment.Conclusion: Considering the fact that creativity - based curriculum in teacher training course requires an interactive , open and free space ; therefore , along with the prescribed program,such curriculum requires free and flexible space that is in accordance with the executive requirements and features . The use of new educational technologies as well as the integration of ict technologies in all curriculum elements is recommended . Moreover, it is suggested that change and transformation in the curriculums of the teacher-training centers should take place in an attempt at making a curriculum of teaching creativity or integrating creativity in the content of other courses, such as the course of principles and teaching methods or the course of the theories of teaching and learning which are more suitable for this work to train creative student teachers in order to take a positive step toward improving the quality of the curriculum of Farhangian university in an attempt at growing and developing the creativity of of student teachers.
e-learning
S. Hamedinasab; M. Ayati; M. Rostaminejad; F. Seraji
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In recent years, social networking sites and software have become one of the most influential phenomena among new technologies. Student-teacher learning and their professional development also take place in this context, both formally and informally. In this regard, the purpose ...
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Background and Objectives: In recent years, social networking sites and software have become one of the most influential phenomena among new technologies. Student-teacher learning and their professional development also take place in this context, both formally and informally. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to design a curriculum model for the use of informal learning based on Authorized social networks to develop the student-teacher profession.Methods: The method of this research was done with a multi-method approach. To design the above model, the grounded theory method was first used. Participants in this study were all primary school teachers in Farhan Gian University of South Khorasan in 2018-2019. Based on purposive sampling with semi-structured interviews, until the theoretical saturation of the data, 15 of these students were interviewed. To analyze the data, using the dimension analysis approach and during the open, pivotal and selective coding steps, the existing model of informal learning based on student-teacher social networks was extracted for their professional development. To obtain the validity and verifiability of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and reviewing the non-participating experts in the research were used. In the end, with the theoretical research method and based on previous findings, at first, the nine elements of Klein were the basis of the work and based on it, the desired model was designed. In the next step, the basic concepts or the same characteristics of the curriculum elements and structural concepts, which are in fact the same as identifying the relationship between these elements, were identified. Finally, the model presented by the experts was validated.Findings: Findings showed that goals in unpredictable social networks are flexible and continuous, which have the property of snowballs and should be validated. Content on social media requires features such as; be in tune with the audience, pave the way for critical thinking, action and screening. Learning activities; They create self-sufficiency and belonging, satisfy desires, motivate and lay the groundwork for individual and group education. Materials and resources; Diverse, easy to access, fluid and interactive. Learner grouping; It is non-linear, optional and based on extensive collaboration and online responsiveness. Also, on social media; Enough time to reflect on the answer, the possibility of communicating with communication nodes at any time, the possibility of wasting useful time with attractive content and achieving a large amount of information in a short time. In addition, access to information and educational resources is available everywhere, and the place of learning is the creator of opportunities and is based on ecology and interactive communication. Teaching strategies; Problem-oriented, interactive, based on inclusive buoyancy and with flexible instructor guidance. Evaluation methods; It is quality-oriented, process-oriented, self-assessing, continuous and based on instant feedback. The findings also showed that most experts confirmed the validity of the model in the criteria of validity, coherence, perceptibility, innovation, usability, acceptability and comprehensiveness.Conclusion: Due to the characteristics of social network-based curriculum elements, curriculum planners are suggested to use the coordinates of these elements to design a curriculum based on social networks in order to achieve the development of student-teacher careers. It is also suggested that Farhangian University provides the necessary infrastructure for the purposeful use of social networks for the development of student-teacher professions.
e-learning
S. Hamedinasab; M. Ayati; M.َA. Rostaminejad; F. Seraji
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To use social media effectively, we need to identify and apply the implications of supportive theories using social media. Different learning theories provide a variety of interpretations of learning. Different learning theories lead to diverse orientations and outcomes in ...
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Background and Objectives: To use social media effectively, we need to identify and apply the implications of supportive theories using social media. Different learning theories provide a variety of interpretations of learning. Different learning theories lead to diverse orientations and outcomes in curriculum planning. Therefore, learning theories serve as a framework for guiding decisions during the design and implementation of the curriculum. The aim of this study was to identify the types of learning theories that support the use of social networks and to analyze learning theories on social networks in order to provide a theoretical basis for designing curricula. Methods: For this study, qualitative content analysis method was used. The statistical population of this study consists of all valid documents related to the subject- supportive theories of learning in social networks- from 1995 to 2018 (n=30) selected based on purposeful sampling. The content of 30 documents were analyzed. The analysis unit is the theme. To analyze the findings, the main and sub-classes were extracted after open coding. To ensure the validity of the research, the methods of review by members, triangulation of data sources and review by colleagues were used, and to ensure reliability, the agreement method between the two coders was used. Findings: The findings showed a variety of context-based, community-based, and person-centered theories that support learning on social media. The findings also include four main categories: It showed the dimensions of social networks, network interactions, types of learning, and curriculum elements. It was shown that network communication in social networks includes social interaction, interpersonal communication and interactive communication with admin and teacher-student communication, which is broad and based on community sharing, central agreement and based on sharing ideas. Types of learning on social networks include; network learning, situational learning, problem-based learning, personal learning, and indirect learning. Elements of the curriculum include; network objectives, network content, network learning environment, network inclusiveness, and network evaluation. Network Objectives; features such as unpredictability, divergence, unpredictability, variability, nonlinearity, flexibility, value, reproductive and interactive. Network content has some features such as distributed knowledge, multiplicity of resources, reliable resources, accessibility, context-based knowledge, shared knowledge, inclusive knowledge, self-centered information, voluntary knowledge creation, interchangeable content. The network environment includes technical and educational features. Among the technical features of this environment, we can mention the diversity of language, the existence of communication tools, the possibility of customizing the message and simulating communication. The educational features of this environment also include; being rich is one of the tools of knowledge management, situational awareness, personalized information, open and flexible environment. The network learner is knowledgeable and up-to-date, independent and active, able to do several things together. The network learner is an actor, and social agent who processes, publishes, and manages knowledge on a regular basis. Evaluation on social media is a nonlinear process, formative, conscious, and continuous that is accompanied by the elimination of standard rankings and tests. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it is suggested that those in charge of education use the coordinates of social network-based curriculum elements to design a curriculum based on social networks. For further research it is suggested that researchers implement the findings in an experimental environment to take a positive step towards the optimal use of social networks to learners’ learning outcome.
Books evaluation
Z. Abolhasani; M. Dehghani
Abstract
Background and ObjectiveS: The field of training and learning of work and technology is one of the eleven areas included in the national curriculum and includes the acquisition of practical skills for a productive life and the acquisition of competencies related to technology related sciences. One of ...
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Background and ObjectiveS: The field of training and learning of work and technology is one of the eleven areas included in the national curriculum and includes the acquisition of practical skills for a productive life and the acquisition of competencies related to technology related sciences. One of the main foundations of curriculum reform in the 20th century is the trend of increasing technology education. These competencies are essential for technological education and healthy life in the cyberspace, as well as readiness to enter professions and jobs in various economic and social sectors. According to Islamic teachings, work and employment have educational values and through work, human polishes their existential personality, establishes their identity and prepares the ground for their existential development and the possibility of earning a lawful livelihood and provides to meet the needs of the community. Another step in developing minimum skills is teaching design and technology in schools. Technology education, work and skills training will lead to personal development, increase productivity, participation in social and economic life, reduce poverty, and increase income and development. It should be noted that pathology is a systematic process of data collection in order to interact effectively and usefully in order to solve problems, challenges, pressures and environmental constraints in society. In fact, the pathology of the work and technology curriculum can help in determining hindrances, weaknesses and strengths, and challenges and opportunities and proposing suitable strategies. Also, warranting the quality in work and technology education is amongst the top priorities to develop the related curriculum, job selection and applied disciplines. If the quality of the curriculum of work and technology is not examined systematically, the entrepreneurship that is the top need of the country is not developed. The purpose of this study is to identify the damages in the implementation of the technology curriculum. Methods: This research is qualitative and phenomenological. This research was performed using a participatory observation tool and a semi-structured interview. The statistical society of this study was all Technology teachers and all students in secondary school in Baharestan city. Twenty of teachers were selected through available sampling, 80 of students were selected through accessible sampling and group interviews were conducted in groups of 6 to 8 people. Then the text of the interviews was analyzed in a 7-step manner. Findings: The findings of the research showed that from the perspective of teachers of technology education, five categories of "constraints, social factors, structural inadequacy, motivating strategies and curriculum planning" and ten sub-themes and from the perspective of students’ three categories of "social factors, motivational strategies and curriculum planning" and eleven sub-themes are vulnerable. Conclusion: There are many problems and damages from the point of view of teachers and students, for implementation of Technology Curriculum; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the conditions for the implementation of efficient methods of Technology curriculum, as it plays an essential role in generating entrepreneurial generation. Therefore, policy makers and educators need to pay more attention to the proper implementation of this curriculum. Policymakers and educators should pay more attention to the proper implementation of this curriculum. In line with this research, the following practical suggestions are presented: in-service courses should be held for teachers regarding the complete training of skills and modules; necessary funds should be awarded to fully equip the schools with the necessary facilities to carry out activities; the content of the curriculum should be revised according to the needs of the students and the facilities of the school in order to provide the necessary context for communication with the real life of the students; a clear framework and criteria for student evaluation should be established.
Education technology -training course
M. Maleki; M.J. Liaghatdar; M.R. Nili
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, vocational education is a part of the school curriculum that is more about preparing students for life and employment in the society. This training can be the main part of the curriculum with a part of as the requirements for graduation or the fulfilment of other courses. ...
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Background and Objectives: Today, vocational education is a part of the school curriculum that is more about preparing students for life and employment in the society. This training can be the main part of the curriculum with a part of as the requirements for graduation or the fulfilment of other courses. This type of training should be an integral part of all phases of education and should be provided through an organized and graded program. In this regard, the main categories of work that are specifically emphasized are: work related to individual needs, work at home, work in the classroom, school and extracurricular activities, and integrated school loss, work as a learning experience, work in society by focusing on altruistic and selfless services, and work related to professional growth, production, social utility, and the discovery of opportunities and ways of caring. In addition to business skills, in today's modern world, access to information and knowledge and gain insight and attitude in this field, is considered important, so the skill of acquiring credible knowledge and information can be a factor in the growth and development of societies. And any plan, initiative, tool and device that focus on the interaction between the instructor and the learner in order to gain competencies is an example of educational technology. The purpose of the present study was to identify the basic skills of work and technology curriculum designed for junior high school students. Methods: This research has been carried out qualitatively using phenomenological method. The research community consisted of sample Iranian instructors of work and technology curriculum. Sampling was carried out by utilizing target method and standard type sampling. Professional interviews with 13 participants to the extent of saturation were used. For data analysis, the three-step coding method (open, axial and selective) was used. Findings: The findings showed that the basic skills included in work and technology curriculum at the junior high school consists of a series of categories as follows: perceptual (11 subcategories), communication (5 subcategories), ethics (5 subcategories), technical (6 subcategories) and technological (3 subcategories). Conclusion: Today, it is clear that the teaching and learning of students in the field of work and technology is not limited to school and high school, but it is necessary that students throughout life, from formal to informal education, have a desire for lifelong learning. In the meantime, one of the important tools of lifelong learning that leads to the growth and development of students is the acquisition of information and technology literacy skills, so that information literacy for students increases their ability to recognize information needs, recognize incomplete information, ability to access and discover information, the ability to evaluate information and select information. Technological literacy also increases students' innovation in practice, as well as their ability to use, manage, evaluate, and understand technology, followed by lifelong learning. In general, whether a student is successfully completing high school or not, learning basic skills can prepare him or her for the future. Learning the basics of work and technology should be such that the student is equipped with the abilities, skills, experiences, ambitions that lead to success in life after high school. The results show that it is necessary to revise work and technology curriculum at the junior high school education, and take into account the basic skills mentioned in this study.
Curriculum Planning
M. Yousefi; A. Assareh; A. Hoseini Khah
Abstract
Background and Objective:Reflecting on different societies and despite the claim of progress in the fields of education, technology, society, etc., there are still many problems in human relations, civil relations and inefficiency of individuals. With this explanation, the question arises as to whether ...
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Background and Objective:Reflecting on different societies and despite the claim of progress in the fields of education, technology, society, etc., there are still many problems in human relations, civil relations and inefficiency of individuals. With this explanation, the question arises as to whether various advances have not been able to be used in practice. Has the development of education and technology not been in the public and real interests of human beings? Is education not adapted to the needs of society? Have various developments not found operational ground? And perhaps there are many other questions that can be asked about this. But with a little care it can be seen that each of these factors is rooted in a major cause, and that is the type of education and educational goals. The widespread objection of educational theorists is that learners in traditional systems seldom have the opportunity to learn something in-depth through the transfer of subject matter. At the present time, however, efforts should be made to lay the foundation for children's intellectual skills in the very early years of childhood and to shape their personalities so that they can look to their future with an open, independent and selective attitude. To this end, all available potentials and facilities such as teachers, students, parents, peers, learning environment and community around the school should be used to provide the desired indicators as much as possible. The goal of this article is about explain and analysis of project based curriculum. This study has considered rationale of project based learning in different aspects. Methods: In attention to the main goal of research and also rational of curriculum that is defined based on its basics, principles, and messages, so the fivefold questions of research include how defined the philosophical, psychological, and social basics of project based learning and the same time it considered its message and principles. In order to reach to analyze and explain of above aim applied research syntheses in which selected, contextualized, and categorized researches related to project based learning with a regular method. In the next step selected 101 researches which had objective criteria, then based on syntheses principles, rethinking, data rearrangement presented combination of their findings. Findings:Researcher with the help of research and with identifying of philosophical, psychological, and social basics of project based learning and drawing of message and principles of this kind of learning tried to analysis and explain rationale of project based curriculum. Conclusion: A study of previous research has shown that a direct study of project-based learning has not been conducted in the form of a curriculum. Most project-based research has been in the fields of agriculture, architecture, or project management. Although it has been considered in a few cases in formal education, it has been studied more as a teaching method and has dealt with only one element and not the whole curriculum
Curriculum Planning
G.A. Ahmady; H. Sheikholeslami; A. Assareh; E. Reyhani
Abstract
Background and Objective:The role of mathematics in various fields of science and technology and its usefulness in improving human life has been so effective and irreplaceable that it has been called the mother of sciences. Therefore, the development and improvement of mathematics curricula has always ...
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Background and Objective:The role of mathematics in various fields of science and technology and its usefulness in improving human life has been so effective and irreplaceable that it has been called the mother of sciences. Therefore, the development and improvement of mathematics curricula has always been on the agenda of curriculum planners. In such a way that these programs can provide more and more ground for the development of process, skills and attitudes of learners in mathematics and they lead to the growth and development of their understanding and logical reasoning. Therefore, achieving the goals of mathematics education should be monitored in different ways. International tests that are conducted for this purpose are designed and implemented to measure the mathematical literacy of students in participating countries and indicate the sensitivity of educational systems to the performance of students' mathematical performance. This paper evaluates the curriculum of 10th grade mathematics from the perspective of the respective teachers working in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The research is based on Aker’s curriculum elements and it also has emphasis on the mathematics context-based approach. The method is descriptive background study. The tool for the research is a self-constructed questionnaire which has been validated with the content validation method. The Cornbach’s alpha test has been utilized to test the consistency of the questionnaire which resulted in value equal to 0.910. The statistics sample size is equal to people all of which has been working as teachers throughout the 2017 academic year. To attain samples, we utilized multistage cluster sampling that carried out on a sample of 111 respective teachers. One sample t-test was used to answer the research question. Findings: The results reveal that the answer to the 6 research question were negative. That is, in curriculum of 10th grade mathematics have not been noticed to the context-based mathematical curriculum elements. Conclusion: Evaluative studies are the bases of change and transformation of curricula. Changing math curricula to a performance-based approach and link of school mathematics to everyday life and students' experiences can reveal the usefulness of mathematics to them. In this way, the interest and motivation of learning in learners increases. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct other research in the theoretical dimension to formulate the theoretical foundations of this approach in accordance with the culture of the country, so that using these fundamentals, extract principles to design appropriate mathematics curriculum. Also, in practical aspect, it is suggested that the organization of the content of the tenth human mathematics textbook be changed so that the book begins with an issue of students' daily lives to help students recreate mathematical concepts. Changing the content organization requires taking the time to teach as well as educating teachers so that they can guide students during the modeling process.
Educational Robotics
R. Mansouri Gargar; A. Hoseini Khah; M. Alemi; Z. Niknam
Abstract
Background and Objective:As widespread changes have occurred in the community, the use of technology has also expanded. To effectively prepare for and cope with evolving of this century we need to design and develop special curricula. Educational robotics is an advanced technology that requires special ...
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Background and Objective:As widespread changes have occurred in the community, the use of technology has also expanded. To effectively prepare for and cope with evolving of this century we need to design and develop special curricula. Educational robotics is an advanced technology that requires special attention. In the past few decades, robotics has attracted the attention of researchers and teachers as a valuable tool in developing cognitive / social skills of students and in supporting the learning of subjects in science, mathematics, language, and technology. There are several important reasons why young students should be exposed to robotics. As our world becomes more and more technologically advanced, students need to early experience so that to feel comfortable with and be aware of technology. In addition, the inclusion of robotics in the school curriculum will help prepare students to enter the job market with technological literacy. Robotics is an attractive approach to technology training due to its interdisciplinary nature, which requires expertise in a wide range of fields from mathematics to aesthetics. This can attract the interest and engagement of students who have not been successful in traditional subject matters. The purpose of this paper is to explain the philosophical orientation and educational robotics foundations at the primary school level so that policymakers, engineers and curriculum developers can formulate curriculum models for implementation. Methods: In this research, educational robotics was analyzed and synthesized using the synthesis research method. Valid documents and research from the last four decades have been selected and categorized using a criterion-based purposive sampling technique. Findings: Synthesis findings indicate that robotics in schools work in two ways as an independent subject and as an educational enabler serving other topics. Logical justification of it is based on constructivist, including epistemological (personal and multidisciplinary), psychological (attention to motivation, creativity and etc.) and sociological foundations (interaction, predictability and etc.). Conclusion: In order to design a curriculum, a planner must first pay attention to the nature of the subject or knowledge and then proceed to develop a plan based on the orientations of the curriculum. Because the subject is robotics training in elementary school, the planner must pay attention to its nature first. The findings of this synthesis showed that robotics can serve in schools at all levels as an independent subject or as an educational enabler in the service of other subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate between the concepts of robotic training and training robotics. In robotics training, the subject is robot training; but in educational robotics, the robot is considered as a method, tool or technique that is used to teach other subjects.
Modern Educational Approaches
S. Mirzaei; A. Anaraki Firooz; R. Abdullah Mirzaie
Abstract
Background and Objective:Chemistry plays a fundamental role in human civilization and its place in economics, politics and life is becoming more and more prominent and covers a wide range of chemical products such as drugs, dyes, fertilizers, etc. However, the environmental damage caused by it is a major ...
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Background and Objective:Chemistry plays a fundamental role in human civilization and its place in economics, politics and life is becoming more and more prominent and covers a wide range of chemical products such as drugs, dyes, fertilizers, etc. However, the environmental damage caused by it is a major human concern. Many of us today take steps to reduce environmental impact, for example by participating in chemical recycling programs and using energy-saving light bulbs; we buy local products and maybe drive hybrid cars. But what if "we could somehow prevent pollution from the start?" Thus, with a new approach called green chemistry, chemists are being led to a new phase of research activities to develop green reactions and use them instead of the old methods, to help human health and society by eliminating toxins from chemical processes. The purpose of this research is education of green chemistry through the curriculum related to the principles of green chemistry in General Chemistry Lab 1and the effect of this educational course on learning and attitude of the pre-service chemistry teachers toward green chemistry principles. Methods: This educational course involves two green experiments implemented according to green chemistry principles. The experiments include determination of molar mass relation in a chemical reaction and determination of the amount of ascorbic acid in a tablet of vitamin C. The research methods are practical, experimental and quasi-experimental and the used instruments were the researcher-constructed tests in the field of learning and attitude domain. Statistic population of this study consists of experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30) of the student teachers at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in the academic year 2017-2018. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software. Findings: The obtained results show that among12 principles of Green Chemistry, students have learned the principles of 1 to 4 and 7 to 12 of these 12 principles and they have been attracted to them. In addition, the implementation of a curriculum related to the principles of green chemistry has had a positive impact on the attitude of the pre-service chemistry teachers. Conclusion: Findings from the research show that teaching the principles of green chemistry can be done based on the activity-oriented approach in the chemistry curriculum as in most developed countries. Student-teacher education can lead them to develop a positive attitude towards green chemistry and to have more motivation and desire to study chemistry based on the principles of green chemistry and to pass this attitude on to their students in the teaching process. Also, in designing the curriculum, it should be noted that in the sequence of practical activities, it should be done in such a way that it includes all the principles of green chemistry so that education based on it can give all the principles of green chemistry to learners or give them a positive attitude.
Educational Technology
M. Rahmanpourt; M.J. Liaghatdar; F. Sharifian; M. Rezaee
Abstract
Background and Objective:Every educational institution and every learner must adapt to the environment for growth and development and have the necessary skills to meet the changing needs of the society. This has special conditions in higher education and among students and graduates, and they are always ...
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Background and Objective:Every educational institution and every learner must adapt to the environment for growth and development and have the necessary skills to meet the changing needs of the society. This has special conditions in higher education and among students and graduates, and they are always expected to adapt to the environmental conditions inside and outside the education system. Using information and communication technologies that are available to them in various forms can be a logical and desirable solution. Purposeful use of these technologies in the field of education is now known as educational technology, which has been expanded on a large scale to increase teaching and learning activities. The student of educational technology is both a producer of information, a consumer, and a link between producer and consumer; and this is where the sense of responsibility comes into play. It is not easy to prepare a curriculum for such students in such a dynamic environment; as it must both meet the needs of students and take into account the changing needs of society and the labor market. At the same time, the mission and nature of the field must be preserved and developed. What is important is that simply issuing the curriculum and implementing it in universities will not be enough. Evaluating and reviewing this program in order to present and suggest a desirable and appropriate curriculum is important and vital. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the curriculum of educational technology from the perspective of graduate students. Methods: Quantitative research was conducted using a survey method. The population, who were senior students of educational technology at senior level in the public universities of Arak, Bu-Ali, Kharazmi and Allameh Tabatabaei in Iran were sampled. Due to limited number of the population, all of them were selected by consensus. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 5 experts and with a Cronbach's alpha of .89. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. At the descriptive statistics level, the frequency, mean and standard deviation indicators were used and at inferential statistics level t test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were utilized. Findings: The results showed that graduate students are not satisfied with master curriculum of educational technology. In other words, final year students who had experienced the curriculum believed that the curriculum was not in line with their needs and expectations. Conclusion: Although the averages were lower than average in all components of the MA curriculum of the major Educational Technology, but there is no reason for the inefficiency of this field and its inappropriate implementation in the country's universities. Part of this dissatisfaction may be due to university management rather than the curriculum. Because universities and departments cannot expect much from professors and students if they cannot provide the necessary facilities and conditions for the implementation of the curriculum. Of course, continuous review and trending of curricula in order to apply this field due to its nature and mission at the national and international levels is an inevitable necessity.
Mathematics Education
E. Mohammadzadeh Chineh; H. Soltanzadeh
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Architecture training is to enable students to create three-dimensional spaces for human activities or to provide a better environment for human societies. Today, a wide range of different activities in the fields of skills, industry, creativity, knowledge, wisdom, are under ...
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Background and Objectives:Architecture training is to enable students to create three-dimensional spaces for human activities or to provide a better environment for human societies. Today, a wide range of different activities in the fields of skills, industry, creativity, knowledge, wisdom, are under the general title of "architectural education" in the schools of architecture. Typically, the curriculum in contemporary architecture schools is a set of basic courses that develop design knowledge, technology courses that develop the scientific formation of architecture; art courses to express architecture and finally design courses, which is a combination of the previous three and is the defining part of design education. The necessity of mathematics education and application of its concepts in architectural design is among major concerns of educational programs in universities and contemporary educational institutions. In architectural education in Iran, mathematics is delivered through traditional methods and independent from design practical courses. Moreover, mathematics is considered as a secondary course or sometimes an intricate problem in education. Professors of architecture always point to difficulties of students in understanding mathematical concepts and their application in structural design process. Methods and Materials: Therefore, the present study tries to compare the degree of attention to mathematics in architectural curricula in selected universities abroad and in Iran in order to provide a comprehensive knowledge regarding the place of mathematics in the curricula of these countries and prepare the ground for the development of an appropriate educational program incorporating mathematics in architectural education curriculum in our country. Findings: Comparative analysis of mathematics role in curricula of different universities and its targets via applied analytical-descriptive research method suggests that average mathematical courses provided in US architectural schools during the training course is 3%, in Asian countries 2.2% and in Iran 1.7%. The results emphasize the coordination of mathematical teaching methods with modern developments in design process and show that it entails mathematical knowledge delivered in the format of combined independent courses as preliminary, applied, technological and design. Conclusion: Mathematics courses and their teaching in architecture must be in line with new developments in the design process. This issue requires the definition of new courses in the field of mathematical application in architecture, mathematical history in architecture, as well as combined courses to transfer mathematical knowledge to design workshops. The subject of mathematics courses as independent preparation and basic courses for engineering students with the content of calculus, mathematics or their combination should be revised. This will give a new definition to the nature of the relationship between architecture and mathematics, as the role of mathematics in design was a priority in the Middle Ages. Considering the design workshop as the core of the architecture education program in the first and second academic year with an average of 40-36 credits per year, it is necessary to apply and new meaning of mathematics in introductory design workshops in two analytical-logical and structural concepts. Pay attention.
Electronic learning- virtual
F. Jafarkhani
Abstract
Background and Objectives:To motivate learners to learn, their needs for security, belonging, and respect must be met, and they must be encouraged to make cognitive and developmental choices. In many ways, the only effective way to achieve this goal is to set up an education in which all learners feel ...
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Background and Objectives:To motivate learners to learn, their needs for security, belonging, and respect must be met, and they must be encouraged to make cognitive and developmental choices. In many ways, the only effective way to achieve this goal is to set up an education in which all learners feel somewhat successful. This sense of accomplishment leads to a realistic level of expectation. The feeling of success encourages the urgent need for progress and prepares success for future progress. Any method of ranking that makes learners feel defeated is irrational and destructive and damages their motivation for academic achievement. Thus, there is a need for some kind of evaluation that can help maintain motivation to be aware of the learner's strengths and weaknesses without imposing personal opinion. One of the applications of fuzzy logic is in evaluating educational functions. The expansion of fuzzy collections has extended its applications to other sciences and technologies, as it is widely used today in the fields of control, image processing, medicine, social and economic studies, and intelligence in various fields. The need for systems of measurement and evaluation that could take into account other aspects of growth as well as cognitive aspect, has been one of the challenges in education. Method and Materials: This paper, using fuzzy logic measures, evaluated the performance of the multimedia production course unit for a group of 30 female students randomly selected among Allameh Tabataba’i university students who added the course unit in their sixth semester (50 people). The scoring was implemented using MATLAB software. The results were correlated with the common scoring method by Pearson correlation (0.78), which indicated strong structural validity with the fuzzy method. Findings: The results showed that qualitative variables affecting multimedia production (subject, message design, instructional design and production skill) can be evaluated using fuzzy method possibilities. Therefore, due to the need to enhance operational and practical skills of the students in real life, it is possible to use the fuzzy system capability in instruction and evaluation so that other growth aspects of the learners such as emotional aspect, creativity or production skills will not be ignored. Conclusion: It is suggested that this method be used in the evaluation of other practical courses such as designing learning environments, web-based teaching and other skills required by student-teachers. Especially in environments where the emphasis is on the learner and the students should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of their learning process. It also provides a platform to define evaluation rules with the consent of learners according to the analysis of their characteristics and needs. In this way, by maintaining motivation, one can hope to continue learning.
Curriculum Planning
S. Zare; H. Zeinalipour; E. Zaree; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Today, with the development of new information and communication technologies, business methods, daily activities, communication with others, access to information and in general, all elements of human life have undergone a great change. These technologies are mainly aimed at ...
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Background and Objectives:Today, with the development of new information and communication technologies, business methods, daily activities, communication with others, access to information and in general, all elements of human life have undergone a great change. These technologies are mainly aimed at improving the quality of educational services, as well as goals such as expanding the number of contacts, educators and educational institutions, and even companies and business centers to enable cost-effectiveness and in the shortest possible time to convey the desired content to students, customers and the audience in general. Education for sustainable development is an approach to education that seeks to empower people to take responsibility for building a sustainable future. In order to better achieve the goals of education for sustainable development, the e-learning approach can be used, which in this study has developed and validated the framework of the electronic curriculum for sustainable development in higher education. The main purpose of this study was designing curriculum electronic-content for sustainable development education in the higher education system. Methods: The research project was qualitative and in particular ’qualitative case study‘; The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups: 1: All members of the faculty of civil engineering, architecture, agriculture; 2: All members of faculty of educational psychology of Shiraz University And 3: all experts, scholars, and researchers in the field of electronic curriculum planning; To collect data questionnaire and interview were used. To analyze the data, a consensus-based approach and the Bowl technique were used; Also, open-ended interview was used. Findings: The data obtained were analyzed by the software Nvivo version 8 using Thematic analysis technique and content design curriculum for sustainable development education in Iran's higher education system As a comprehensive Thematic, 4 organizing themes and 73 basic themes were identified and the content network was extracted. Curriculum framework for sustainable development education at higher education level designed in the form of twelve elements: goal, content, role of instructor, learner role, teaching method-learning, evaluation, teaching materials, type of curriculum, level of education, participants in the design and implementation of curriculum, place of training, and time of training. The curriculum was compiled in five chapters, five titles and sixteen chapters. As such, this curriculum can be taught in the form of an instructional book as a two-unit course in a variety of disciplines, including civil engineering, architecture, and agriculture. Conclusion: In the higher education system, the issue of sustainable development is not specifically addressed, but as a part of the courses in civil engineering, architecture, agriculture, students are taught these contents. On the other hand, the integration of e-learning as an achievement of the new educational system in the process of teaching and learning and the curriculum of educational institutions is inevitable. According to the results of this study, it can be said that many courses in the fields of civil engineering, architecture, agriculture, directly or indirectly refer to the issue of sustainable development or professors, according to their expertise and excellence, in relation to the subject of development to provide stable information to students. In the present study, while paying attention to this issue, an attempt was made to design the electronic content of the sustainable development education curriculum in the higher education system.
TVET
A. Khallaghi; G.H. Ahmadi
Abstract
Abstract: This paper aims to provide a framework for preparing the teachers’ guide for technical and vocational education teachers. Teachers are usually committed to execute the formal curriculum provided by the center of curriculum development in a centralized education system. To design a comprehensive ...
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Abstract: This paper aims to provide a framework for preparing the teachers’ guide for technical and vocational education teachers. Teachers are usually committed to execute the formal curriculum provided by the center of curriculum development in a centralized education system. To design a comprehensive model of the teacher guidance book is the main aim of this research. So, the main question is that: which model and structure could be the best for providing a comprehensive guidance book for teachers? This is an applied research with the aim as well as a survey by the collection and analysis of the data. Document study and questionnaire were used as research tools. Statistical population of this research was the curriculum developers and expert teachers. 32questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Moreover, three day workshop was implemented for some teachers and the experts in Curriculum development in which the model was discussed and developed. The result of this research is a "teacher guidance book model" which has provided based on the curriculum elements includes seven chapters. First chapter recommends to explain the general subject and foundations of curriculum. Second chapter includes the examination of the structure and content of the curriculum. Third chapter presents a framework for learning opportunities. Chapter four focuses on educational space and materials. Chapter five pays attention to the evaluation methods. Chapter six provides a budget schedule for lessons during the course and finally, chapter seven includes many recommendations for the implementation of the TVET curriculum.
TVET
M. Farhangi; M. Ghofrani; A. KHalaghi
Abstract
Ministry of Education established vocational education and training at high school level to provide skilled workers for different sections of industry. To understand the extent to which vocational schools provide truly competent workforce and meet the industry needs، its curriculum content and educational ...
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Ministry of Education established vocational education and training at high school level to provide skilled workers for different sections of industry. To understand the extent to which vocational schools provide truly competent workforce and meet the industry needs، its curriculum content and educational methods should be evaluated. This paper aims to study the curriculum of wood industry discipline in vocational schools to understand to what extent it meets the industry needs in Tehran province. The population in this study included vocational teachers، vocational students، and curriculum developers in wood industry discipline as well as wood industry managers and employees in Tehran province. All the teachers and students in third grade of vocational schools in this field and curricula developers (professional members of curriculum committee) were included in the sample as well as 50 members of the wood industry community، selected randomly. A customized questionnaire was used for measuring the extent to which the curriculum met the industry’s needs. Results showed that there are different points of view regarding the issue. According to curriculum developers the curriculum content highly meets the industry needs while teachers and students believed the curriculum content and industry needs partly cover each other. The viewpoint of those involved in the industry shows somewhat relevance between the two. Some books، such as wood construction technology and principles of industrial power technology، are in prime priority to revision، and some others such as physical and mechanical properties of wood، wood storage and drying، technical calculation (I، II، III) are more related to industry needs. Other books should also be reviewed in second priority.
philosophy of education
M.A. Golkar
Abstract
This paper identifies issues that arise from traditional university feedback systems. Traditional university feedback systems are undertaken as annual student surveys in areas including curriculum and teaching which may be conducted by the academic development unit, student union or at faculty or school ...
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This paper identifies issues that arise from traditional university feedback systems. Traditional university feedback systems are undertaken as annual student surveys in areas including curriculum and teaching which may be conducted by the academic development unit, student union or at faculty or school level which generate statistical results. All universities around the world have such feedback systems. Some universities take the results seriously at senior management level, some only at academic teaching staff level and some only at a student level. A common problem is that these teaching survey results may only be seen by teachers, it doesn't matter whether the results are good or bad. In this paper, we present a dynamic curriculum development which systematically collects input or feedback from learners (students), teachers (academics) and industry panelists. We provide an incremental management approach to use these as a basis for new course development and strategic management of the improvement process of course development as well as a matrix on the measurement of how one utilizes the feedback for teaching and learning improvement and the value output from the triple feedback system.
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