Architecture
malihe taghipour; aliakbar heidari; Khatereh Sajjadi
Abstract
One of today's social issues is the expansion of behavioral abnormalities in children, which is reflected in aggressive behaviors. Prevention of such behaviors is one of the most important priorities of families and educational institutions. Schools as the first social institution, plays a significant ...
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One of today's social issues is the expansion of behavioral abnormalities in children, which is reflected in aggressive behaviors. Prevention of such behaviors is one of the most important priorities of families and educational institutions. Schools as the first social institution, plays a significant role in promoting social skills and controlling such aggressive behaviors. Accordingly, the study tries to evaluate the impact of the school environment on the reduction of aggressive behaviors in children. Among the spaces in the school, the yard was selected as the most common space, and its spatial-physical characteristics were evaluated in six schools in Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytic based on quantitative and qualitative strategies. A semi-structured questionnaire and interview with students and teachers were used. The results indicated that among the various spatial features of the school yard, green area in the yard, as well as the diversity of open and semi-open spaces in the school yard, had the greatest effect on reducing student behavioral disorder.
Educational Technology
A. Dana; S. Ghorbani; A. Fathizadan
Abstract
education is increasing among sports researchers. Although the use of written methods is the first step in the influence of technology in physical education, with the advancement of computers and new technologies, the method of media education is fully developed and has created an interaction between ...
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education is increasing among sports researchers. Although the use of written methods is the first step in the influence of technology in physical education, with the advancement of computers and new technologies, the method of media education is fully developed and has created an interaction between learning and bridging the gap between audio education and audio-visual education. Physical education is one of the most important subject matters in the field of education to educate students to be sociable and responsible. As the use of educational technology can increase the participation of students more actively and engage them in this lesson, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects mentioned and the use of technology in the learning and teaching of physical education in schools. Methods: The present study is a qualitative-observational and case study that was conducted through interviews and observation of activities. The statistical population is all students and teachers of Gorgan city in Iran. Three schools were randomly selected from among the selected schools. Eight students were randomly selected from each class. Six teachers from each school were randomly selected to be interviewed. Three methods have been used to collect data for this research: 1) interview with the teacher, 2) interview with students, 3) observation of the classes during the activity. To achieve the objectives of the research, special classifications were made. These classifications are as follows: 1) Observing the quality of physical education (entertainment, activity, progress), and 2) Observing the performance of oneself and others (self-efficacy, motivation and group dynamics). In this study, video cameras were used to record the performance of students to increase motivation and learning physical education among them. Data were collected during two periods of school observation and telephone interview with the teacher a few days after the second observation.Findings: The results showed that students value learning new skills in physical education such as combat (5 people agreed) and entertainment (5 people agreed) and consider it a key component for quality of physical education. More interestingly, the students believed that the use of videotaping for recording their performance increased the success of the lesson. Students also consider the use of technology in physical education as one of the methods for successful physical education. In this regard, teachers find the use of technology in physical education in schools more useful and believed that it affects the emotional and social developments of students. Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that students have considered activeness, being in a group, staying healthy and having fun as the main components of the quality of physical education. Teachers believe that a virtual tutor is a good way to motivate students.Conclusion: Technology should be for the awareness and improvement of the quality of physical education and learning, and the combined use of the two will lead to the growth and improvement of teacher education and student learning. This research can justify and recommend the use of technology in elementary school physical education, which is more focused on increasing the quality of physical education, so the main goal is to develop motor skills. The use of technology in education can help teachers to enhance all aspects of learning (physical, emotional, social and cognitive) in students by using this opportunity.
Learning Environment
F. Ebrahimzadeh; Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Saradj; S. Norouzian Maleki; S. Piri
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Changes in lifestyle have led to the gradual disconnection of children from nature and open spaces and schools are one of the most important spaces for re-establishing this connection; because it is the second place where children spend a lot of time after home and most ...
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Background and Objectives: Changes in lifestyle have led to the gradual disconnection of children from nature and open spaces and schools are one of the most important spaces for re-establishing this connection; because it is the second place where children spend a lot of time after home and most of the children's daily physical activities are done during the day. The present study was aimed at explaining the characteristics of school outdoor spaces to improve the children’s relaxation and learning. Hence, after analyzing the information obtained from previous studies, the list of effective criteria to increase children’s sense of attachment to the open spaces of schools was proposed. The study of the research background and the compilation of theoretical foundations were done in two parts: At first, by combining different research studies on the subject of place attachment, the dimensions of place attachment and the factors affecting it., the researchers have tried to deal with the relationship between these factors both with each other and with the issue of architecture in order to determine the effective factors in creating place attachment in the field of architecture., Afterwards, the background of research in the field of children and outdoor space was examined and the effective variables in creating place attachment were identified. Then, these initial criteria were checked on the basis of the perspective of the experts in architecture. Methods: To achieve the research purpose and find the relationship between the effective factors in place attachment with the extracted variables, the qualitative-quantitative system, the method of content analysis and Delphi technique were used.Therefore, in order to achieve a more comprehensive result and a combination of the quantitative and qualitative content, after searching for sources and collecting information, the content analysis method was used so that the raw data and the existing components can be categorized on an orderly basis. Then, to confirm the framework and the variables extracted by a group of experts in the field of architecture, a questionnaire based on Likert scale was used. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by factor analysis using the SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The adequacy of the sample size was also assessed using the KMO statistic and Bartlett’s significance level. Findings: The results showed that from the perspective of the experts, the independent variables can be classified into five groups of influential factors on the basis of the answers of the respondents. According to the definitions of attachment factors in the research background and the findings of the statistical test, the obtained variables were named. Hence, the variables such as the environmental mobility, space flexibility and cozy corners under (interactive factors), familiar environment, the study period, the child’s gender and culture-economic class (individual factors), dimensions of the open space, physical comfort of the environment, spatial diversity and spatial perception (physical factors), child participation, natural elements of the environment, safety and sense of security (socio-group factors) and playfulness, stimulation of the environment and its color and texture subset (activity factors) were classified. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the most important criteria for increasing the child's sense of attachment to the open space of schools were classified into five main factors (interactive, individual, physical, socio-group and activity) and 17 variables.Moreover, strategies along with the above indicators in relation to school design have been proposed so that besides creating an environment that meets the demands of students, opportunities for children to participate can also be provided and, thus, the possibility.
Architecture
F. Abbaszadeh Diz; H. Rashid Kolvir; A. Rezaeisharif
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the important and influential issues of research is recognizing the components of the physical environment of schools as learning process can be influenced by the physical environment of the school. Paying attention to the architectural features of school buildings, ...
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Background and Objectives: One of the important and influential issues of research is recognizing the components of the physical environment of schools as learning process can be influenced by the physical environment of the school. Paying attention to the architectural features of school buildings, among other features, can be achieved by creating schools with successful students. What is commonly known today as the physical model of the school are the classrooms that are continuously connected through the corridor, and this pattern of building schools as a pattern continues. If the learning environment, whether classroom or school, is designed in such a way that students are the center of activity, it provides a very good ground for increasing students' interest in the school environment. In the collaborative learning method that is the goal of the research, students are placed in such an environment and engage in collaborative activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical environment components of schools with a participatory learning approach. Methods: This applied research is of descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population of the study was male middle school students in Tabriz. 356 male middle school students were randomly selected from four schools in different parts of the city. The data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and chi-square test. Findings: The results showed that the satisfaction of the physical environment in all four studied schools was low and the tendency for the environments in which the students could participate was very high. It can be deduced that the more the physical environment of the school has favorable conditions for participatory learning, the higher the level of satisfaction and interest in learning in students are, and also education and training take place properly. Conclusion: The results showed that the elements of physical environment such as furniture, green space, color, and space geometry are among the most important factors in learning, especially learning and cooperative activity in schools, which can have a significant effect on students’ satisfaction and their presence with enthusiasm at school. One of the suggestions of the present study is to design suitable and efficient spaces according to the aesthetic and psychological principles as well as the use of collaborative learning method for lecture-based teaching.
Learning Environment
H. Hayaty; F. Gholami
Abstract
Background and Objective:Education is one of the most important issues in any society and has a decisive role in promoting the level of knowledge of individuals and the growth of culture in that society. In the past, the duty and responsibility of schools was mostly religious education. Schools were ...
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Background and Objective:Education is one of the most important issues in any society and has a decisive role in promoting the level of knowledge of individuals and the growth of culture in that society. In the past, the duty and responsibility of schools was mostly religious education. Schools were built as one of the main pillars of urban organizations by various strata, such as scholars and teachers, kings and the rich, and in addition to their religious educational function, they often played a socio-political role. Took over. The school is a project to meet the needs of the Islamic community. The school was a custom building created to serve an institution that was itself an innovation in education. In addition, the school was the creation of a kind of entrenched civilization that brought new achievements to society. In the past, the core of the islamic education was in the mosques; because the first places which were used in the early islamic centuries for education were the mosques. Accordingly, the mosque have historically functioned as places of muslims gatherings and acquiring knowledge.The present study investigates development of the religion-educational centers, i.e. the school-mosques; and since majority of these centers were built in Qajars Era. Methods: the statistical population of the study consists of the school-mosques built in this period. The verify used in this research is historical commentary and the analysis of the buildings is done with the logical reasoning method. Historical documents and literature library resources have been used to collect information. In this paper, three of the school-mosques of Qajar Dynasty have been selected through purposeful samplivg in order to study the concept of education. Findings:The concept of education and educational methods have changed during Qajar Era; and these changes in the concept of education have led to diversity of forms and changes in architecture of the schools. These changes are evident in plan, internal functions of the building, including changes made to the entrance system, courtyard, and number and quality of the dorms. Conclusion: The concept of education in the Qajar period took a more general approach than in previous eras and was freed from the monopoly of the aristocracy and nobles. This not only led to the expansion and development of schools in terms of scale and number; but also caused the formation of living spaces and rooms with higher number and quality in Qajar schools. In the traditional period, schools have a completely traditional architecture. Sardar, Sepahsalar and Aghabzorg schools are examples of this period. The model of these schools includes a central courtyard with a number of rooms around it that has an educational-residential structure. The general approach in Qajar schools caused these schools to play an essential role in social activities, and even some religious ceremonies and prayers for the general public were formed there. This led to a change in the entry system and the creation of separate entrances for students and ordinary people. The courtyard is of special importance in the architecture of Qajar schools. The school yard provides a refreshing, eye-catching and relaxing space for students using plants, trees and a pool of water. These courtyards have sometimes even been the subject of debate and teaching.
Educational Environment
Kh. Movahed; Kh. Sajadi
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Using the architectural environment as an educational tool requires identifying environmental criteria that affect the quality of users' learning. By recognizing the criteria affecting the arrangement and order of space, we can explain the principles for better design of the ...
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Background and Objectives:Using the architectural environment as an educational tool requires identifying environmental criteria that affect the quality of users' learning. By recognizing the criteria affecting the arrangement and order of space, we can explain the principles for better design of the learning environment and minimize the amount of learning disruption. On the other hand, schools, as the most important spaces for training human resources, play an important role in increasing the learning of people in society. Therefore, designing appropriate environments for the comprehensive development of students is a necessity. School is a social center, and its purpose is to learning lessons and learning social behavior. Behaviors are related to the physical environment in which human beings are located, so the formation of behaviors are influential in the qualities of educational spaces. Researchers have studied the role of the factors such as light, ventilation, heating and cooling, lighting, and etc. on learning process by studying the behavioral patterns of children in educational spaces. The most important element of a classroom with high productivity is its suitable furniture. In this study, the function and performance of furniture on student learning were studied. The purpose of this research is to design optimized educational environments in order to improve the quality of learning. Methods: The research method is correlational and the sources of environmental psychology and One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. The case study is three classrooms in a school with the same lighting and air condition. Study on learning behavior was investigated by changing the furniture of the educational space using Excel software and SPSS. Findings: The results indicated positive effects of the spatial layout in the educational spaces, and the classroom can be a teacher for learning motivation. Conclusion: This research has been compiled on one of the important factors affecting the quality of school students' learning. As mentioned earlier, different factors play a role in the quality of learning or the combination of factors gives better results; among these factors, we can mention the relationship between educational space and green space, playing music, predicting freedom of movement and movement in space, the ability to sit and rest, eating and drinking, etc. According to the analysis of the findings, the research hypothesis was proven. And flexibility in the body of the learning environment will arouse the children's curiosity and lead to their creativity. In the educational environment, the arrangement of students' desks and chairs causes their active and two-way communication with the environment. Finally, furniture can be considered as one of the effective factors in learning and stimulating curiosity. The quality of the physical environment is directly related to the amount of learning, and the design of the interior space in the educational environment can increase students' learning and their progress.
