Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Phychology and Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran. Iran
2 Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Phychology and Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran. Iran
Abstract
Distance education is one of the most important criteria of education; organizations believe that it has important role in human resource (HR) education. However, there are some challenges in implementing distance learning in the organisations' HRD (Human Resource development) departments. The current study seek to identify and rank the challenges that confront distant learners in organizations. In order to do so, a sample of 115 employees of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran who attended virtual training through the last year were selected and engaged in the study. Reviewing the literature on e-learning challenges and critical factors, the main questions of a questionnaire were extracted and written. Analyzing the data has been gathered by those questionnaires, the final list of the intended challenges was identified, categorized, and ranked as following: Educational, Infrastructural, and Cultural challenges. The implications of the current study on how distance education can be properly used in HRD is also discussed and outlined in the paper.
Keywords
- Virtual Learning
- challenges of virtual education
- education and improvement of human resources
- learners
Main Subjects
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Hrastinski, S., Keller, C., & Carlsson, S. A.Design exemplars for synchronous e-learning: A design theory approach. Computers & Education,(2010), Vol.55, No. 2, pp. 652-662. [8]
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Fareghzadeh, N. & Kashi, Ali. Survey methods and tools of e-learning to enhance the quality of education from the point of Khodabande university professors. The New approach in Educational Administration Jornal, (2014), Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 121-152. [In Persian] [10]
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Agbahi, A. Moarrefzade٫. A., and Moshtaghi, S. survey Pedagogical barriers to the development of e-learning: Cace Study (Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences)٫(2012), Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 39-48. [In Persian] [15]
Eom, S. B., Wen, H. J., & Ashill, N. The Determinants of Students' Perceived Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction in University Online Education: An Empirical Investigation*. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, (2006), Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 215-235. [16]
Jaafari, P., & Saeidian, N., Pedagogical aspects of virtual universities in order to provide an appropriate model, Jornal of Knowledge and Research in Education٫(2006), Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 1-26. [In Persian] [17]
Asghari, M., Alizadeh, M., Kazemi, A., Safari, H., Asghari, F,.Bagheri Asl, M٫. & Heidarzade٫. S.The challenges of e-learning in Medical Sciences from the viewpoint of faculty members٫Studies & Development Center of Medical Education of Yazd, (2012), Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 26-34. [In Persian] [18]
Rafiee, S., & Abdollahzade, S. E-learning in Medical Sciences, Scientific Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (2009), Vol. 4, No. 13. [In Persian] [19]
Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y., & Yeh, D. What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & education, (2008), Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 1183-1202. [20]
Majidi, A., E-learning: history, characteristics, infrastructure and barriers٫Journal Book٫(2009), Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 9-26. [In Persian] [21]
Goeman, K., & De Vos, E. R. I. C. Overcoming Barriers to Successfully Implementing E-Learning: The Four P's Framework. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, (2006),Vol. 3, No. 9, p. 838. [22]
Farzane, J., Survey The problems of self-learning, curriculum, assessment and external factors from the perspective of students of distance education schools: Challenges and Solutions, Jornal School Psychology, (2014), Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 154-169. [In Persian] [23]
Haji Khajeloo, S., Yari, B., & Bazdar Ghomchi ghih٫.M. Survey The challenges of the development of ICT in higher education (Case study: Shahid Beheshti University), Education Rhavran Community-wide knowledge, (2013). [In Persian] [24]
Hosseini Lorgani, M., Mirarab Razi, R., & Rezaee, S., Examine obstacles to the development of e-learning in the educational system in Iran٫Management and planning in educational systems٫ (2008), Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 47-59. [In Persian] [25]
Mosavi, M., Mohammad Zadeye Nasr Abadi, M., & Pezeshki Rad, GH., (2011), Identify and analyze the barriers hindering the use and development of e-learning in PNU, Research and Planning in Higher Education, Vol. 6, No. 1 (59), pp. 137-154. [In Persian] [26]
Rezaee,. M٫.MovahhedMohammadi٫. H٫.Asadi٫.A٫. & Kalantari٫. A.Identify policies to promote e-learning in higher education in agriculture٫Iran Agricultural Economics and Development Research٫(2011), Vol. 2-42, No. 1, pp. 57-66. [In Persian] [27]
Folinsbee, S. Online Learning for Adults: Factors that Contribute to Success: A Literature Review. College Sector Committee for Adult Upgrading, (2008). [28]
Vaezi, R., & Eemani, A., E-readiness assessment Trade Organization in Tehran٫Research management, (2009), Vol. 2 ,No. 6, pp. 49-74.[In Persian] [29]
Childs, S., Blenkinsopp, E., Hall, A., & Walton, G. Effective e‐learning for health professionals and students—barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the literature—findings from the HeXL project. Health Information & Libraries Journal, (2005), Vol. 22, No. s2, pp. 20-32. [30]
Takalani, T. Barriers to e-learning amongst postgraduate black students in higher education in South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University)٫ (2008). [31]
Bashiruddin, M., Basit, A., & Naeem, M.Barriers to the implementation of E-learning system with focus on organizational culture, (2010). [32]
Ardichvili, A. Learning and knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice: Motivators, barriers, and enablers. Advances in developing human resources, (2008),Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 541-554. [33]
Azer, M., & El-Sherbini, A. Cultural challenges in developing e-learning content. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET),(2011),Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 11-14. [34]
McCloy, R., & Stone, R. Virtual reality in surgery. Bmj, (2001), Vol. 323, No. 7318, pp. 912-915. [35]
Khan, M., Hossain, S., Hasan, M., & Clement, C. K. Barriers to the Introduction of ICT into Education in Developing Countries: The Example of Bangladesh. Online Submission, (2012), Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 61-80. [36]
Rezaee Sharif Abadi, S., (2004). Qualitative research on the Internet: Methods and challenges, Women's Studies, No. 13. [In Persian] [37]
Hasmadi, Bin, H. Teaching and Learning in Industries: Are We Malayzian Workers Really Ready for The E-Learning, Journal of Technical Education and Training, (2011), Vol. 3, No.2, pp. 55-65. [38]
Becker, K. L., Newton, C. J., & Sawang, S..A learner perspective on barriers to e-learning. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, (2013),Vol. 53, No.2, pp.211-233. [39]
Nik Kar,.M. Plan education information literacy education in distance education٫Light Peak, (2008), Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 43-51. [In Persian] [40]
Johnson, S. D., Aragon, S. R., & Shaik, N.Comparative analysis of learner satisfaction and learning outcomes in online and face-to-face learning environments. Journal of interactive learning research, (2000), Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-49. [41]
Bhuasiri, W., Xaymoungkhoun, O., Zo, H., Rho, J. J., & Ciganek, A. P. Critical success factors for e-learning in developing countries: A comparative analysis between ICT experts and faculty. Computers & Education, (2012) ,Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 843-855. [42]
Oroma, J., Wanga, H., & Wikedzi, T. Challenges of E-Learning in Developing Countries: The Ugandan Experience, In Proceedings of INTED2012 Conference, (2012). [43]
Zamanpoor, E., & Mirzabeigi, M, Survey Factors affecting the academic performance of electronic learners in higher education: a model of success based on the learner's perspective, Studies Curriculum, (2009), No. 15. [In Persian] [44]
Nanayakkara, C., & Whiddett, R. J. A Model of User Acceptance of E-learning Technologies: a Case Study of a Polytechnic in New Zealand. In IS, (2005), pp. 180-190. [45]
Niederhauser, D. S., Salem, D. J., & Fields, M. Exploring Teaching, Learning, and Instructional Reform in an Introductory Technology Course. Online Submission, (1999), Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 153-172. [46]
Rogers, P. L. Barriers to adopting emerging technologies in education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, (2000), Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 455-472. [47]
Igbaria, M., & Iivari, J. The effects of self-efficacy on computer usage. Omega, (1995), Vol. 23, No.6, pp. 587-605. [48]
Pacheco, M. English‐Language Learners' Reading Achievement: Dialectical Relationships Between Policy and Practices in Meaning‐Making Opportunities. Reading Research Quarterly, (2010), Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 292-317. [49]
Khorasani, A., & Dosti, H., Assess the level of consent and importance factors influencing on The effectiveness of E-learning views of staff (Case Study: Saman Bank)٫Information and Communication Technologies in Education, (2011), No. 4, pp. 37-58. [In Persian] [50]
Keengwe, J., Kidd, T., & Kyei-Blankson, L. Faculty and technology: Implications for faculty training and technology leadership. Journal of Science Education and Technology, (2009), Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 23-28. [51]
Markéta, D., & Kateřina, K. Complex model of e-learning evaluation focusing on adaptive instruction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,(2012), Vol. 47, pp. 1068-1076. [52]
Nik Ravan Mofred, M., Codes of ethics in online learning٫Journal of Medical History, (2011), No. 8, pp. 100-118. [In Persian] [53]
Seraji, F., Provide a framework for assessing the quality of education in universities electronics, Fifth Congress "to assess the quality of the university system," Tehran University, (2011), Vol. 3, No. 8 ,pp. 94-118. [In Persian] [54]
Khadivar, S., & Rahmani, Y., (2009). Obstacles and challenges virtual university in Electronic city. Second International Conference of Electronic Municipal, [In Persian] [55]
Ruhollahi, N. & Mokhtari, Z. Survey Observance ethics fundamental by participants in the electronic test, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Iranian Journal of Ethics and Medical History, (2012), Vol. , pp. 99-101. [In Persian] [56]
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