Educational technology- primary school
S. Mansoori; M. Talebbeygi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Virtual learning has become an integral part of today's learning. Therefore, the continuous evaluation of the quality of these learnings is one of the basic missions of the educational system, and the existence of a valid tool to measure these learning is necessary. On the ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Virtual learning has become an integral part of today's learning. Therefore, the continuous evaluation of the quality of these learnings is one of the basic missions of the educational system, and the existence of a valid tool to measure these learning is necessary. On the other hand, in the field of virtual education curriculum, a tool that can measure all aspects of elementary education curriculum elements has not been developed. Therefore, it seems necessary to build a reliable tool. According to this, the purpose of the current research was to construct and validate the quality assessment scale of the virtual education curriculum of elementary school in Iran's educational system.Methods: The research design was a combination in order to make a tool for measuring the quality of the virtual education curriculum of the elementary school. The participants in the content validity section were 12 experts in the field of virtual education, and in the construct validity section, there were 217 elementary teachers from Central Province, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. In the first stage, by reviewing the upstream documents, curriculum guide, articles and studies in the field of virtual education indicators were abstracted and then validity and reliability were calculated. In order to analyze the data, content validity index of Lavshe, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficient of the items were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS and SMART PLS software.Findings:. In the first stage, 51 indicators (items) were extracted in the form of 4 basic components to measure the curriculum. Then, by checking the content validity of the scale using Lavshe's validity index, 48 items in the form of 4 components of goal, content, teaching-learning strategies and evaluation of learning with validity of 0.77, 0.95, 0.94 and 0.98, respectively, were identified. In the next step, in order to check the construct validity of the desired scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used, and the results showed that except for one item (item 42), the rest of the items had a favorable factor load and after modifying the model (item 42), the t coefficients of all items in all components were higher than 1.96, which indicated the suitability of the measurement model. Also, the combined reliability for all components was greater than 0.70, which indicated the reliability of these variables or scales. The average variance extracted, which measured the convergent validity of each scale, was higher than 0.50, which indicated convergent validity. In total, the results showed the reliability and validity of the components of the virtual education curriculum scale and the tool made to measure the quality of virtual education includes 48 items and was designed in the form of four components: goal, content, teaching, learning and evaluation strategies.Conclusion: Considering that virtual learning has become an integral part of formal education in Iran's educational system, this tool can be used to measure the quality of these instructions. In addition, this tool helps the administrators and policy makers of virtual learning to provide the required platforms for virtual education based on the intended curriculum.
Entrepreneurship
M.S. movahedifar; M. Taghvaee Yazdi; Mohammad Salehi
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, the creation of shared value between institutions, organizations and businesses is one of the important factors of economic growth and business development and improving stakeholder relations. Therefore, this study aimed to design and validate a tool to measure shared ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Today, the creation of shared value between institutions, organizations and businesses is one of the important factors of economic growth and business development and improving stakeholder relations. Therefore, this study aimed to design and validate a tool to measure shared value creation in technology businesses with a practical purpose. The main goal of the researcher in the present study was to answer this question: what are the dimensions of the common value creation evaluation tool for technology businesses? The study further attempted to design and validate psychometrics co-value creation tools for technology businesses.Methods: The research adopted a mixed method (grounded theory). Qualitative statistical population consisted of CEOs and board members in the field of information technology and technology businesses and new technology-based businesses. Through purposeful sampling method in accordance with the law of saturation of opinions, 14 people were selected. Statistical community in the qantitative part included more than 2773 companies active in the information technology industry, which are available on the website (www.ictkey.ir) and, consequently, the same number of top and senior managers; Also, due to lack of accurate transparency of information about the statistical community and considering the sample size formula without a statistical population in terms of proportion of 408 first, second and third tier managers working in the field of technology businesses, especially in the field of IT&ICT and new areas of technology, the public and private institutions or companies in Tehran were included by simple random sampling. The primary tool was extensive study of theoretical foundations, previous research, related articles and interviews with experts, which eventually led to the design of the initial questionnaire. Then, face validity and quantitative and qualitative content were examined and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha method and combined reliability with a value above 0.7. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis of the mentioned tool was confirmed using SPSS21 and Samartpls3 software.Findings: Findings indicate that in formal and quantitative validity content, the effects score of items less than 1.5 and content validity ratio less than 0.62 and content validity index less than 0.79 were removed, which included categories such as internal and external stakeholders, mental integrity and agreements, social psychology, resources and benefits, foresight & futurism, win-win cultural feature, analysis, initiation and pioneering. The results of confirmatory factor analysis test showed that the dimensions of shared value creation include 12 dimensions describing: interactive processes, technology performance/ functionality, customer focus, sustainable value, co-creation requirements, value creation, culture, decision making, economics, value learning, Policies and rules and regulations, opportunities and indicators include 28 components such as needs assessment/needs building, participation and production of shared value, satisfaction and indexable, operation of smart tools/tools, paradigm/technological view, customer, service-based, Based on continuous processes, and model and strategy, social and legal areas, infrastructure, information acquisition and sharing, policy/governance, value generation and absorption, stimulus, benefit sharing, cultural variable, online and up-to-date proposing system, financial, optimal consumption, investors, defining and applying the concept of value, university and higher education, fostering creative manpower, protecting intellectual property, government support policies, motivating and brainstorming individuals, creation opportunities.Conclusion: In evaluating the validity of the structure, the factor load value of all items, appropriate values above 0.4, the reliability of both criteria (Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability), all dimensions above 0.7, the mean extracted variance and all dimensions greater than 0.5 were obtained and approved. Finally, the findings of this study indicated that the designed tool included 12 dimensions and 28 components that had appropriate and strong credibility and reliability and can be used to assess the joint co-creation of value in technological businesses for business excellence and development and creating a new business and economic environment.
