نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ویژگی‌های کالبدی مدارس ازجمله مباحث مهم در ارتقای کیفیت آموزش و یادگیری است. شرایط نامناسب محیط مدارس و عدم هماهنگی بنا با محیط اطراف لزوم توجه به مسائل آسایش محیطی را دوچندان مینماید. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بازشناسانی معیارهای آسایش محیطی و ارائه راهکارهایی برای ارتقای کیفی کالبد مدارس مبتنی بر بهبود یادگیری دانشآموزان، انجام شده است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی است و جامعة آماری مورد بررسی دو گروه میباشند. گروه اول متخصصان رشته‌های معماری و روانشناسی دانشگاه‌های تهران و گروه دوم دبیران و هنرآموزان مشغول به فعالیت در سال تحصیلی 1394-1393 در شهرستان زاهدان هستند. گروه متخصصان مورد مصاحبه قرارگرفته، طبق روش دلفی1 12 نفر بودهاند و حجم نمونه گروه دوم 310 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشهای چندمرحله‌ای تعیین‌شده است. استخراج متغیرهای تأثیرگذار با استفاده از پیشینة تحقیق و مصاحبه با متخصصان صورت گرفته است. در مرحلة دوم پرسشنامهای بر پایة متغیرهای به‌دست‌آمده تهیه شده و از آن برای سنجش دیدگاه دبیران استفاده گردید. آنچه از تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از پرسشنامه به دست آمد بیانگر این مطلب است که از میان عوامل تأمین‌کنندة آسایش محیطی، به ترتیب اهمیت پنج عامل شامل: استفاده از نور طبیعی، تعبیة پنجرة مناسب، کنترل دما، توجه به کیفیت هوا و کاهش آلودگیهای صوتی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود کیفیت یادگیری در فضاهای آموزشی هستند. در تحقیقات پیشین اغلب به‌صورت کیفی به تأثیر نور، دما، تهویه و صوت پرداخته شده است. در برخی موارد نیز تأثیر یکی از عوامل بر یادگیری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و معیار سنجش نمرات دانشآموزان یا دیدگاه آنها بوده است؛ اما در این پژوهش تأثیر پنج عامل محیطی بر یادگیری به‌صورت کمّی و در قالب متغیر کلی آسایش محیطی مدارس بررسی شده است. در پایان توجه به هرکدام از مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در قالب راهکارهای معماری فضاهای آموزشی در راستای ارتقای یادگیری کاربران ارائه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Environmental variables, with emphasis on improving the quality of learning in educational spaces
نویسندگان [English]
- M.S. Taher Tolou Del
- Z. Aminifar
Architecture Faculty, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU). Tehran. Iran
چکیده [English]
Physical factors of schools are one of important subjects in improving the quality of students' education and learning. Inappropriate environmental conditions in schools and lack of coordination with the surrounding environment, causes more attention to environmental comfort. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental standards of comfort and presenting strategies for improving the quality of schools framework based on students' learning. The survey research method was used and the studied population are two groups. The first group is expert architectures and psychologist of Tehran Universities; and the second group is chosen from art high schools teachers in Zahedan city in the academic year of 2015-2016. Expert group who were interviewed, including 12 people (By Delfi1 Method) and the second group consisted of 310 subjects. The researchers extracted effective variables through library investigations and interviews with professors and professionals. In the next stage, the obtained variables were analyzed and after confirming the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, it was used to assess the sample’s point of view. The SPSS analysis shows that main factors respectively as: usage of natural light, , reduce noise pollution, temperature control, appropriate windows and air are the most important factors affecting the environmental comfort in learning spaces and they affects the quality of students' learning. In previous researches researchers mainly consider the effect of light, temperature, noise and air condition. In some cases they consider the effect of one of the factors on learning; and it was the criteria for evaluating the students’ score. But in this research the researchers evaluate the effects of five environmental factor on learning. Finally, the research findings have been formulated as the design principles of schools in order to enhance users’ learning.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Environmental comfort
- educational space
- Learning quality
[2] Kamelniya.H (2008) designed grammar learning environments, Tehran, publishing Sobhan Noor.P96 [In Persian [
[3] Pourbagher, S (1392). Recognition of form factors to promote students' satisfaction in educational spaces, A Case Study in Tehran high schools, a thesis for a master’s degree, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran. [In Persian [
[4] Feizi.M , Razzaghi.S (2010). A review of the theories and schools of landscape architecture open courtyard, a utopia. (2), 59-66 [In Persian [
[5] Bagheri. M, Azemati. H.R (2011), Improving Children’s Creativity in School environment (Architectural Space as Educational Curriculum), Journal of Curriculum Studies (J.C.S.) Vol.6 (22); 2011,163-184[In Persian [
[6] Kaldi.A.R, .Rasuoli.M (2001) evaluation of factors affecting the level of conformity by students in educational environments. Journal of Psychology 262-276 [In Persian]
[7] Zarghami.E, Nasiri.N, Ajdefar.SH, Ajdefar.L, (2013), Quality of environmental factors on the reduction of behavioral disorders in children 7-5 years, Payesh Journal- August and September 2013, Volume 12, No.4, 403-414 [In Persian [
[8] Fadeyi. M, Alkhaja.K, Bin Sulayem.M , Abu-Hijleh.B (2014),Evaluation of indoor environmental quality conditions in elementary schools' classrooms in the United Arab Emirates ,Frontiers of Architectural Research, June 2014, Vol.3(2), pp.166–177
[9] Collet da Graca. V, Cornelia Knatz Kowaltowskia.D, Diego Petreche.J (2005), An evaluation method for school building design at the preliminary phase with optimization of aspects of environmental comfort for the school system of the State Sa˜o Paulo in Brazil, Building and Environment, February 2007, Vol.42,pp.948-999.
[10] Burcu.G.T (2015), “Sustainability” Education by Sustainable School Design, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences13 May 2015, Vol.186, pp. 868 – 873
[11] Earthman. G (1998) The impact of school building condition on student achievement and behavior. The Appraisal of Educational Investment Conference, Luxembourg, European Investment Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
[12] Ahadi.A and Khanmohammsdi.M (2015), Better Performance of Students by Proper Utilization of Daylight in Classrooms Case Study: The Architecture School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Volume 8, Issue 15, summer and autumn 2015: 25-42. [In Persian [
[13] Moftakheri. F, Jalali. Z, Dodangi.A.R (2015) Cognitive science approach to architectural design on learning and creativity in the creation of educational spaces in the city, Urban Management, No.41 Winter 2015, 267-292 [In Persian [
[14] Lotfata.A (2008), Effect of Environmental Factors on Behaviors and Learning, in Educational Spaces (Especially Elementary Schools), Modiriyat Shahri - No.21. Autumn 2008, 73-90 [In Persian [
[15] Zoufan.SH, and LotfiPour. Kh (2000). Educational media for the classroom, publishing company of Iran. [In Persian [
[16] Taghizadeh.K (2006), the doctrine of natural structures, lessons for architects, Beautiful arts28, and pp84-75. [In Persian [
[17] Moinpoor.H and Nasr Esfahani. A. R, Saedi. A (2005). Class physical factors effect on student achievement, Journal of modern educational approaches, the first year, and (4). [In Persian [
[18] Tanner. C. K (2009), Effects of school design on student outcomes, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 47 No. 3, pp.381-399.
[19] Ford. A (2007), Designing the sustainable school, translated by Fatimah Taghizadeh and Mojtaba Dolatkhah, p11.
[20] Kamelniya.H (2010), a new approach to the design of learning environments, architecture and culture. [In Persian [
[21] Tabayian. M, Habib.F, Abedi.A (2011). Attitude of students at standard and non- standard high schools toward the color of educational spaces and ways to improve the color quality of the school environment. Educational Innovations, No. 38. Title 93-106. [In Persian [
[22] Higgins S, Hall E, Wall K, Woolner P and C McCaughey 2005, 'The Impact of School Environments: A literature review', The Centre for Learning and Teaching, School of Education, Communication and Language Science, University of Newcastle. Accessed onlineon30/04/07at <http://www.cfbt.com/PDF/91085.pdf>.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله