Education technology -training course
J. Mahdikhani Sarvejahani; H. Doosti; A. Tehranian; A. Shahvarani; M. Azhini
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metaphors are powerful tools, which are used to present teachers' attitudes about mathematics and reflect their experiences. Teachers' metaphorical perception can make many educational events more tangible in order to examine the current status of education. Previous studies ...
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Background and Objectives: Metaphors are powerful tools, which are used to present teachers' attitudes about mathematics and reflect their experiences. Teachers' metaphorical perception can make many educational events more tangible in order to examine the current status of education. Previous studies asked provident teachers to provide metaphors for teaching mathematics and to use these metaphors to understand their attitudes about mathematics. On the other hand, these days, educational technologies have rapidly created new opportunities for meaningful education of mathematics. Therefore, the role of teachers in integrating education and technology is getting more and more important. Frequent use of technology, in almost every aspect of our lives, requires a change in the content and nature of school math programs, and it is important for students to use computers to increase their understanding of math concepts as they change. The use of computers in educational programs should be supported. Since the interpretation and explanation of teachers' attitudes toward the field of technology is important in teaching-learning, metaphors are used to compare mere and common interpretation. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematicshas stated that the use of technology is an appropriate method in mathematical reasoning, expression, problem solving, and effective communication. Moreover, the use of computers in educational programs should also be supported. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study based on the instrumentation method was to standardize the metaphorical perception scale of the effectiveness of mathematics education software in the teaching-learning process from the perspective of mathematics teachers.Methods: The research method was descriptive and the method entailed instrumentation and standardization. Using two-stage cluster sampling method and Morgan table, 198 male and female math teachers working in all primary and secondary state and non-state secondary schools in 1, 2, 3, 4 education districts of Tehranwere selected as the participants. Researchers prepared and designed a questionnaire with 44 items based on theoretical basics and related technologies in the field of mathematics education. In the first stage, CVI and CVR content validity indices were examined.Findings: After two stages of distributing questionnaires among eight experts in the field of education and technology of mathematics, the results showed that some items were removed due to not reaching the standard level. Finally, 28 items according to the components in the questionnaire were approved.The questionnaire was then distributed among math teachers in virtual networks.The results of reliability and exploratory factor analysis confirmed four factors with 26 items and the reliability value of each factor was proved and recordedbetween 0.78 and 0.94.Four main factors were identifiedincluding a metaphorical understanding of access and acquaintance, skill and mastery, interest, attitude, impact and application in the use of mathematical software.Conclusion: The results of this survey and tooling based on the views of math teachers showed that the four mentioned factors were very important in the efficiency and application of math education technologies and software in middle school teaching. Determining and explaining such factors can lead to a more detailed examination of the challenges and resources available in the preparation and distribution of mathematics education technologies in schools.
Architecture
S.B. Hosseini; S. Norouzian Maleki
Abstract
A large proportion of people in the community (the elderly, the physically disabled, children, etc.) face mobility limitations in urban spaces; However, the limitations of disability should not prevent people from accessing urban spaces, and they should be able to operate in an urban environment with ...
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A large proportion of people in the community (the elderly, the physically disabled, children, etc.) face mobility limitations in urban spaces; However, the limitations of disability should not prevent people from accessing urban spaces, and they should be able to operate in an urban environment with the maximum possible independence and without restrictions, like ordinary people in society. In this paper, the principles and foundations of inclusive design in immediate environments of residential spaces are presented. This is due to the fact that inclusive design for people in the community is a manifestation of justice and social security in access, which in addition to providing life and health security, will have extraordinary psychological effects. The present study proceeded with the assumption that if access to space is provided at different levels, then the participation and sensitivity of citizens will increase. In order to test this hypothesis, first, based on the content analysis technique, the general principles of inclusive design were defined and explained, and then the field research method was used to examine the status of accesses in the residential environment. In this field study, the problems, limitations and demands of individuals through local perceptions and observation of the current situation were identified and questionnaires were distributed among 74 residents of Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. In this study, a variety of people living in the neighborhood were examined. In addition to normal people, people with disabilities move around or lack this ability, including the visually impaired (the blind, the visually impaired, the deaf, and the deaf) and people with other disabilities. The findings showed that 14% of them had physical-motor disabilities, 5% had vision problems, 4% had hearing problems and 6% had other disabilities. After conducting field studies, due to the physical-motor limitations of individuals, the physical characteristics of the neighborhood spaces were analyzed. Analysis of findings, problems and major inadequacies of access such as lack of safety and comfort that leads to a decrease in social and physical activity showed. Finally, in this study, based on the results, solutions for inclusive design such as participation and presence, meeting needs, free and independent movement for all people in residential environments were presented.
