Education technology - higher education
S. Talebi; M. R. Nili Ahmadabadi; H. Fardanesh; A. Delavar
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Educational technology, as an interdisciplinary field, is affected by the advances in science and technology and the use of their findings to facilitate the education process and improve the quality of learning. With the aim of using “Design Thinking” as a new approach ...
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Background and Objectives: Educational technology, as an interdisciplinary field, is affected by the advances in science and technology and the use of their findings to facilitate the education process and improve the quality of learning. With the aim of using “Design Thinking” as a new approach for innovation and creative problem solving and a source of effect in instructional design issues, the current research is in search of design and validation of design thinking instructional model in educational technology in order to improve instructional design, create rich experiences and innovative issues in education. The lack of formation of the designer's identity in the instructional designer and the lack of equipping the mind with creative design and design thinking can lead to superficial and low-quality instructional designs, boredom and reduced motivation, and reduced effectiveness of educational plans. In this regard, paying attention to thinking designerly and design thinking can respond to the challenges facing instructional design and solve them. The basic gap in this field is the lack of effective design thinking instructional model for educational technology students, which is the aim of this research.Methods: In conducting the research, a mixed method was used in the form of a sequential exploratory design with two main qualitative and quantitative parts. In order to identify the components of design thinking in the model of instructional design, a systematic review method was used by examining research from 1980 to 2021 in various multidisciplinary and scientific databases in Latin and Persian. 294 researches were identified and after reading the summary of articles and preliminary review and removing irrelevant articles, 21 articles were subjected to qualitative content analysis with inductive design. The components of design thinking, social constructivism, design-instructional design thinking were extracted and based on the findings of the qualitative part, the proposed model of education was designed inspired by Janasen's model and was subject to internal and external validation in the quantitative part. For the internal validation of the model, a descriptive survey method was used with the statistical community of experts in the field of educational technology. The external validation of the model was done through the quasi-experimental method (pre-test and post-test groups, experimental and reference groups) with the participation of 32 master's and doctoral students in educational technology, and the results were used to modify and finalize the model.Findings: Inductive analysis of the content of the qualitative part of the research showed that the instructional pattern of DT is a mixture of the theoretical and practical components of DT, instructional design, and social constructivism. Identification of the components, their relationship, and their combination to conform to the pattern of the instructional design of DT resulted in the presentation of a conceptual model and a proposed pattern for instructional design. In the quantitative part of the research, the internal validity of the proposed pattern was confirmed by 29 educational technology experts and university instructors. The descriptive results and the t-test of each of the groups regarding the variables and the mean and standard deviation of the results of covariance of the experimental and control groups after intervention showed that using the pattern, that is proposed for DT, was significant at the alpha level of p<0.01 with the score for students’ DT qualification. The null hypothesis was rejected in the confidence interval level of 99 percent and the research hypothesis was confirmed on the condition of validity of the proposed pattern for teaching DT and its impact on the instructional design performance of the MA and Ph.D. students of educational technology.Conclusion: Confirmation of the research's internal and external validity testifies that the proposed pattern can be suitable for teaching DT to students of educational technology while providing a safe and flexible environment for DT learning. Furthermore, it may promote qualifications for instructional design in the areas of professional foundations, planning, and analysis, compilation, assessment, instructional evaluation, and betterment of instructional design. However, there are certain challenges in the way of enforcement and some exigencies for successful DT teaching, which need to be taken into consideration. The pattern can be used in the centers for training and recruiting instructional designers, thus contributing to better performance of the instructional design.
Modern Educational Approaches
Z. Abolhasani; M. Dehghani; M. Javadipour; K. Salehi; N. Mohammadhasani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Design thinking is a participatory problem-solving method with a human-centered approach that enhances innovation by enhancing learners' creative thinking abilities. Although design thinking has become an integral part of design and engineering as well as business, it can have ...
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Background and Objectives: Design thinking is a participatory problem-solving method with a human-centered approach that enhances innovation by enhancing learners' creative thinking abilities. Although design thinking has become an integral part of design and engineering as well as business, it can have a positive impact on the 21st century education in other fields, too. Using design thinking in educational settings, students read, think, and reason logically and can solve complex problems. However, there are several definitions of design thinking, as many authors have stated that there is no fixed universal definition of design thinking. Therefore, it seems necessary to try to understand and demystify design thinking. In this regard, the purpose of this study researchis to analyze the concept of design thinking and study the models of design thinking and definitions of the 21st century skills as well as the role of design thinking on the 21st century skills by systematic collecting, evaluating and reviewing the related articles on this topic.Methods: In this study, searches were performed in the databases of Eric, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Springer, and Google Scholar, and all articles indexed in their databases from 2000 to 2020 were collected in English. After searching the databases, the relevant articles were selected and evaluated according to the CASP evaluation criteria. After reading the abstracts and the initial review and removal of irrelevant articles, the full version of 83 articles was prepared and reviewed. Then, among the available articles, the relevant ones were selected and evaluated for detailed evaluation based on CASP evaluation criteria.Also, in the manual search that was done through the sources of articles, according to the nature of design thinking, 3 reference sites were added to present the model and 3 books and 2 websites were added for the skills of the 21st century. Finally, 54 articles, books and websites were selected for detailed study.Findings: According to the obtained/aforementioned studies, they were categorized in four groups: 1- Articles that have explained the skills of the 21st century. 2- Articles that have offered a new definition of design thinking. 3- Articles that have presented new models of design thinking. 4- Articles that have used the models in implementing the design and improving the skills of the 21st century. Given the results, despite the similarities and connections that can be identified in the context of 21st century skills, different terms and definitions are often used to describe a skill or a set of skills that cause ambiguity and confusion. In this regard, the skills that are mentioned in all frameworks are as follows: cooperation and communication; ICT literacy; social skills; creativity; critical thinking; problem solving, production of quality products and productivity. The results of the studies also showed that the implementation of design thinking leads to strengthening problem-solving skills, innovation and creativity, and the skill of using integrated thinking. Continuing the implementation of design thinking along with empathy, cooperation, teamwork leads to self-confidence and value of the learner.Conclusion: According to the research results, in general, it can be said that today's society needs to educate a generation equipped with the 21st century skills to advance the high goals of the society, so paying attention to creating the necessary conditions for the implementation of design thinking plays a unique role in raising a productive generation.
Modern Educational Approaches
P. Hashempour; M. Ahmadi; H. Nadimi
Abstract
Background and Objective:Many cognitive psychologists put emphasis on an integrative view of cognitive and affective faculties of the mind. In the course of theoretical developments in the above area, theorizing on the concept of "emotional intelligence" is considerable. The concept of emotional intelligence ...
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Background and Objective:Many cognitive psychologists put emphasis on an integrative view of cognitive and affective faculties of the mind. In the course of theoretical developments in the above area, theorizing on the concept of "emotional intelligence" is considerable. The concept of emotional intelligence explains how people are different in perceiving, processing, and using emotional information in the process of cognition and thinking. Studies show that those differences are strong predictors of the individuals’ success in their education, profession, and even their lives, architectural student is no exception. Many studies have reported the significant impact of emotional intelligence on important life outcomes, including mental and physical health, work performance, academic achievement, and social relationships. However, many emotional intelligence skills are learnable and can be improved through training and practice. But the problem is that due to the traditional emphasis of schools and universities on mere scientific education, general and specialized courses taken in formal education courses in various disciplines, including architecture, usually do not consider this type of ability. Methods: The present study- with a descriptive-analytical approach and using logical reasoning method, explores the role of emotional intelligence in developing an effective architectural education, particularly at the design studio context. In this regard, a study was conducted on how emotional intelligence influences the students’ design thinking, as well as those properties that affect the process of learning, such as adaptability, engagement, and motivation. Findings:Given the possibility of nurturing the emotional intelligence, maintained by the research findings, teaching tactics can be developed to enhance emotional intelligence of design students as an effective way to integrate cognitive and affective aspects in the course of design studio instruction. Conclusion:By prioritizing the important role of emotional intelligence in the effectiveness of design education, we can emphasize the entry of such programs in this field. It seems that if an intervention program is prepared based on strong theoretical foundations and implemented by professors who are themselves at a high emotional level; improving the emotional intelligence of architecture students and consequently their learning and further success in the profession can be expected. It is clear that the development of an intervention program that responds to the emotional requirements of the field of architectural design education, the development of its exercises based on theoretical foundations and valid experimental findings, as well as providing opportunities to practice emotional skills during workshop activities, requires extensive research. But in this case, based on what was stated in the present article, it can be claimed that the approach based on the ability of emotional intelligence, provides a good potential to set the framework of this program. In order to implement and adapt the program as much as possible to the emotional needs of the design workshop, the program can be based on the main emotions experienced in the workshop, the identification of which also requires future research, and the program can be implemented in basic workshops