Educational technology- primary school
S. Ansari; F. Seraji; M. Yousefzadeh
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the importance of media literacy education to children in the curricula of many schools around the world and the gaps in media literacy education in Iran as well as the emphasis of various studies on using learning-based methods based on information-processing models ...
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Background and Objectives: Given the importance of media literacy education to children in the curricula of many schools around the world and the gaps in media literacy education in Iran as well as the emphasis of various studies on using learning-based methods based on information-processing models and social learning in media literacy education, the question arises as to what the characteristics of media literacy curriculum elements are according to previous studies in the field of media literacy education. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the second primary media literacy curriculum elements for functional consuming(FC), critical consuming(CC), functional presuming(FP), and critical presuming(CP) media.Methods: This research was conducted using mixed-methods design (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, to identify the features of the media literacy curriculum of the second primary school, the qualitative method of synthesis research (qualitative Meta-Synthesis) was used, and in the next stage, to examine the opinion of experts from the descriptive-survey method and to evaluate the effect of program implementation, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control and experimental group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of three groups, A) The studies published in the field of media literacy education were in local and international scientific databases; out of 4309, 18 related documents in the field of media literacy were purposefully selected as samples, B) In the initial validation section of the project, 15 specialists were purposefully selected (with criteria of expertise and experience in the field of media literacy education) from the statistical community of instructors and curriculum planning specialists in the field of media literacy as a sample, and C) In the quantitative part of the statistical population, the students of the second primary school in Hamedan in the academic year of 2019-2020 were included who were selected as a research sample using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method and consisted of a total of 63 sixth-grade female students. In order to analyze the data, to extract information from research and to analyze and combine the findings in determining the characteristics of the curriculum, the content analysis method was used via coding. At this stage, in addition to using the CASP tool in selecting appropriate study units, to ensure the coding method, in addition to using the researcher self-review technique, two experts in the field of communication and curriculum were used to re-codify the findings. In the second stage, using a researcher-made questionnaire, the data obtained from the survey to validate the curriculum were evaluated with a CVR coefficient. In the third stage, in order to analyze the data obtained from the researcher-made tests (functional evaluation, parent evaluation and self-evaluation) in four levels of functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumption, and critical prosumption, according to the fact that the data does not have a normal distribution in the pre-test and post-test, the Uman-Whitney test was used.Findings: Findings of the research in the meta-analysis section indicated characteristics such as attention to critical approach, critical media literacy, cognitive media literacy and new media literacy, and the basics of the philosophy program for children in the basics element; Acquisition and promotion of media consumption indicators included (fostering caring thinking), critical media literacy (fostering critical thinking) and producing media messages (fostering creative thinking) in the target element; Attention to cognitive, emotional, aesthetic and moral dimensions, students' life experiences in the face of different media, components emphasized in media literacy theories and in combination with other courses were included in the content element; Attention to discussion and participation in classroom community of inquiry, research-oriented, based on personal (individual) patterns, as well as the use of integrated methods were considered in the method element; Emphasis on discussion, attention to different cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, use of different evaluation tools as well as metacognitive self-evaluation were the elements of media literacy curriculum evaluation in the second primary school. In the field of validation according to experts, due to the higher CVR coefficient obtained in all items of the minimum acceptable coefficient for 15 people (0.49), the features mentioned in the curriculum of the second primary school were confirmed. In the study of the effect of the implemented curriculum on media literacy competencies of second primary school students, the results of Mann-Whitney post-test showed that the effect of the experimental group was significant at the confidence level of 0.95 (P = 0.000, Z = -5.93).Conclusion: Combining library studies, experimental designs, and interviews with experts in previous studies, as well as validating the features extracted by experts in the field of media literacy training and model effectiveness in implementation suggests a curriculum during which students form a research community to find, build, and engage in media messages involving positive exchange and participation (instead of a competitive environment) in challenging content related to media literacy indicators and results in the cultivation of thoughts based on non-hostile reflection, an increased enjoyment stemming from the ability to read and deeply understand media messages based on dialogue, the development of creativity while creating common perceptions, adherence to ethical principles such as tolerance and acceptance of ambiguities and in general grounding and promoting media literacy and self-leadership through cultivating a variety of caring, critical and creative thinking abilities.
Materials Evaluatio
Z. Ketabdar; M. Abdi; S. Ramezani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Thesedays, people all over the world are faced down with the public media as new communication technologies in societies. A phenomenon that has been able to cover a large part of their daily lives and as the most important communication way with the world, affect on all private ...
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Background and Objectives: Thesedays, people all over the world are faced down with the public media as new communication technologies in societies. A phenomenon that has been able to cover a large part of their daily lives and as the most important communication way with the world, affect on all private and public areas such as religion, ethics, politics, society and culture. Media literacy creates the opportunity to achieve a framework of criticism view in this field by educating and raising the audience knowledge level. Therefore, media literacy could be introduced as the ability of the audience to analyze the message of various media with a criticism view of the content of these messages. Therefore, teaching media literacy to students, as individuals who will play the most important role in the future of any society, can have a significant impact on creating a correct and efficient understanding of the atmosphere of today's societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of teaching thinking and media literacy book on the ability of optimal media consumption and criticism analysis of its messages in the tenth grade students in the Khomein city.Methods: The present study is an applied research and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. In the present study, the pre-test & post-test designs has been used by performing four steps. The statistical population included 1173 students in the tenth grade of Khomein city in the 1398-99 academic year. Sampling method used in this research is available sampling. The sample size of this study in the experimental group is a class by 30 student. To evaluate the criticism analysis of media messages and its components, two standard media literacy questionnaires Azizi & Falsafi with 59 and 20 items were used, respectively. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by expert authors in this field and Their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.89 For Azizi questionnary & 0.79 for Falsafi questionnary. Then, during the academic year, students were taught a book on thinking and media literacy. At the end, the post-test was taken from the experimental group. Data analysis in the descriptive statistics section includes plenty, percentage, mean and standard deviation and in the inferential section correlation or paired t-test; Data analysis was also performed with SPSS 25 software.Findings: The findings of this study show that the mean scores of the ability of optimal media consumption, criticism message analysis, message properties and the message criticism in the post-test compared to the pre-test has increased significantly. Also, the difference between the variables pair are at the 95% meaningfulness. In the other words, it can be claimed that there is a significant difference in all components of these two variables.Conclusion: According to this research findings, it can be concluded that teaching the book of thinking and media literacy in the tenth grade of high school in the Khomein city can improve the ability of optimal media consumption and the criticism message analysis in the students.
e-learning
H. Deldar; M. R. Razavi; M. A. Faghih Nia
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood in which physical, emotional, and social maturity occurs and the adolescent's mental abilities and cognitive and emotional abilities are formed. According to the existing studies, children and adolescents make up the ...
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Background and Objectives: Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood in which physical, emotional, and social maturity occurs and the adolescent's mental abilities and cognitive and emotional abilities are formed. According to the existing studies, children and adolescents make up the largest audience of the media, and therefore the media and social networks play an important role in socializing adolescents. There are two ways to protect adolescents from the cultural and ideological damage of the media: one is to censor information technology and the other is to increase adolescents' knowledge and skills in dealing with the media (media literacy). This study aimed to determine the effect of media literacy training on the use of social media and the improvement of emotional maturity.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in Sangan in the academic year 2018-2019 (N = 705). Based on the inclusion criteria, 30 of these students were purposefully selected and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control with 15 students in each. The instruments used to perform the pre-test for both groups were: social network addiction questionnaire and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS). Then, the experimental group received media literacy training in 4 months and 8 sessions. The control group received no training in this period. After completing these 4 months, both groups were examined in the post-test. Research data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS 22 software.Findings: The results showed that media literacy training significantly reduced the use of social networks and improved students' emotional maturity in five general factors of emotional immaturity (emotional instability, emotional return, social incompatibility, personality collapse and lack of independence) in the experimental group.Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed a positive and significant effect of media literacy training in reducing dependence on social networks and increasing students' emotional maturity. In other words, by participating in media literacy training sessions, students were able to reduce their dependence on social networks and it also increased their emotional maturity. Therefore, it can be said that media literacy and its education to adolescents could greatly reduce the incidence of psychological problems and injuries. This study examined the role of media literacy on emotional maturity and the degree of dependence on social networks in a specific population simultaneously. This study further examined the role of media literacy on improving emotional maturity and the use of social networks in a specific population simultaneously. One of the limitations of this study was the time and place limit for conducting a two- to three-month follow-up examination to evaluate the duration of the effect of media literacy skills training.
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