مرور و بررسی پژوهش های حوزه بازی وارسازی در آموزش الکترونیکی

بتولی, زهرا; فهیم نیا, فاطمه; نقشینه, نادر; میرحسینی, فخرالسادات

doi:10.22061/jte.2018.3550.1893

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

¹ گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

² گروه هوشبری، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22061/jte.2018.3550.1893

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: باوجود ظهور و پیشرفت فناوریهای نوین و به دنبال آن تغییر روش زندگی در دهههای اخیر، سیستم‌های آموزش همان روش آموزش سنتی خود را حفظ کرده و خود را مطابق با ویژگیهای نسل دیجیتال تغییر ندادهاند. این در حالی است که ویژگیهای اهالی دیجیتال بر روشهای یاددهی-یادگیری آنها نیز مؤثر بوده است. یکی از جدیدترین تحولات رخ‌داده در حیطه فناوریهای نوین، بازیوارکردن محیط های آموزشی است. یکی از مهمترین و جدیدترین تحولات رخ‌داده در حیطه فناوریهای نوین که به جذابتر شدن فضاهای جدی منجر شده، استفاده از بازیوارسازی یا به عبارتی استفاده از عناصر بازی در محیطهای غیربازی است. بازیوارسازی،‌ استفاده از مکانیکهای بازی، زیباییشناسی و تفکر بازی جهت درگیرکردن افراد، انگیزهبخشی به اعمال،‌ ارتقاء یادگیری، مشارکت و حل مسئله است.
این پژوهش با هدف مرور مقالههای قلمرو «بازیوارسازی در آموزش الکترونیکی»، ارائه طرحی کلی از موضوعهای مورد پژوهش و بررسی اثربخشی آن در آموزش، با روش مرور سیستماتیک انجام شده است.
روش ها: بعد از جستجو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی معتبر با واژگان کلیدی مرتبط و بر اساس معیارهای ورودی، 60 مقاله مناسب بررسی در این مطالعه انتخاب شد. در ادامه مقالههای منتخب به لحاظ جامعه پژوهش، تعداد عناصر بازی مورداستفاده، عناصر بازی مورد استفاده، دورههای آموزشی بازیوارشده و موضوع مقالات بررسی شد. اثربخشی بازیوارسازی بر مشارکت، یادگیری، انگیزه، اضطراب، ارزیابی همتایان، همکاری متقابل، بهینهسازی وبسایت آموزشی، کاهش هزینه و بارکاری اساتید از جمله حوزههای موضوعی این مقالات بود. زبانهای برنامهنویسی و زبان انگلیسی از جمله بیشترین دورههای آموزشی بازیوار شده بود. عنصر بازی امتیاز، تابلو امتیاز، نشان، سطوح، چالش و بازخورد بیشتر از سایر عناصر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از اثربخشی محیطهای آموزشی بازیوارشده بر افزایش یادگیری، مشارکت و انگیزه فراگیران است.
نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر سعی دارد مروری جامع بر مطالعات حوزه بازیوارسازی در آموزش الکترونیکی داشته باشد، هر چند با محدودیتهایی منجمله عدم بررسی مقالات به زبان غیر انگلیسی و عدم بررسی مطالعات منتشر شده در قالبی به جز مقاله مجله و همایش همراه بود.
بدون شک به‌منظور موفقیت در پروژه‌های مرتبط با بازیوارسازی در آموزش الکترونیکی، نگاه به ابعاد متفاوت آن و برنامهریزی در آن زمینه‌ها بسیار مثمر ثمر خواهد بود و پژوهش‌هایی نظیر پژوهش حاضر می‌توانند دیدی همهجانبه به‌منظور برنامه‌ریزی بلندمدت برای طراحی محیطهای آموزشی بازیوارشده ارائه نماید. موضوع‌های به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل مطالعات قلمرو بازیوارسازی در آموزش الکترونیکی می‌تواند در ایران انجام شود، اگرچه انجام پژوهش‌های تکمیلی و جزئی‌تر و با روش‌های متنوع به غنی‌تر شدن آن کمک می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20080441.1398.13.3.18.3

موضوعات

بازی های رایانه ای آموزشی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Analysis and Review of the Literatures in the field of Gamification in e-Learning

نویسندگان [English]

Z. Batooli ¹
F. Fahimnia ¹
N. Naghshineh ¹
F. Mirhosseini ²

¹ Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Paramedical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objective:Despite the advent of new technologies and the consequent change in lifestyle in recent decades, education systems have retained their traditional way of teaching and have not adapted to the characteristics of the digital generation. At the same time, the characteristics of digital people have also influenced their teaching-learning methods. One of the latest developments in the field of new technologies is the revitalization of educational environments. Despite the emergence and advancement of new technologies and, consequently, the change in lifestyle in recent decades, education systems have maintained the same traditional method of education and have not changed according to the characteristics of the digital generation. Meanwhile, digital generation features have been effective on their learning-teaching methods. One of the most important and recent developments in the field of modern technologies is gamified learning environments. The purpose of this study was to review the studies in the field of ‘Gamification in e-Learning’ and to provide the content analysis of this field and its effectiveness in education.
Materials: After searching the databases with related keywords and based on input criteria, 60 relevant articles were selected in this study. The selected articles were analyzed in terms of the game elements, gamified e-learning courses and the purpose of the articles. The effectiveness of the gamification on participation, learning, motivation, anxiety, peer assessment, collaboration, website optimization, cost reduction and faculty load were among the subject areas of these articles. The programming languages and English language were the most gamified educational courses. The game element point, leaderboard, badge, levels, challenge and feedback were used more than other elements.
Findings: The results indicated the effectiveness of gamified e-learning environments to increase learning, engagement and motivation of learners.
Conclusion: The present study tries to have a comprehensive review of studies in the field of gamification in e-learning, although it was accompanied by limitations such as not reviewing articles in non-English languages and not reviewing studies published in a format other than journal and conference articles. Undoubtedly, in order to succeed in projects related to gamification in e-learning, looking at its different dimensions and planning in those areas will be very fruitful, and research such as the present study can provide a comprehensive view for designing long-term gamified e-learning environments. The subjects obtained from the analysis of the field studies of gamification in e-learning can be done in Iran, although additional and more detailed research with various methods will help to enrich it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

gamification
Electronic Learning
Game elements
Participation
motivation

COPYRIGHTS
©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

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نامه به سردبیر

سر دبیر نشریه فناوری آموزش، با تواضع انتشار نامه های واصله از نویسندگان و خوانندگان و بحث در سامانه نشریه را ظرف 3 ماه از تاریخ انتشار آنلاین مقاله در سامانه و یا قبل از انتشار چاپی نشریه، به منظور اصلاح و نظردهی امکان پذیر نموده است.، البته این شامل نقد در مورد تحقیقات اصلی مقاله نمی باشد.

توچه به موارد ذیل پیش از ارسال نامه به سردبیر لازم است در نظر گرفته شود:

[1]نامه هایی که شامل گزارش از آمار، واقعیت ها، تحقیقات یا نظریه ها هستند، لازم است همراه با منابع معتبر و مناسب باشند، اگرچه ارسال بیش از زمان 3 نامه توصیه نمی گردد

[2] نامه هایی که بجای انتقاد سازنده به ایده های تحقیق، مشتمل بر حملات شخصی به نویسنده باشند، توجه و چاپ نمی شود

[3] نامه ها نباید بیش از 300 کلمه باشد

[4] نویسندگان نامه لازم است در ابتدای نامه تمایل یا عدم تمایل خود را نسبت به چاپ نظریه ارسالی نسبت به یک مقاله خاص اعلام نمایند

[5] به نامه های ناشناس ترتیب اثر داده نمی شود

[6] شهر، کشور و محل سکونت نویسندگان نامه باید در نامه مشخص باشد.

[7] به منظور شفافیت بیشتر و محدودیت حجم نامه، ویرایش بر روی آن انجام می پذیرد.